乌鸦 (诗)
爱伦·坡所叙事诗
《乌鸦》(英语:The Raven),又译作《渡鸦》,是美国作家埃德加·爱伦·坡所著的一首叙事诗,于1845年1月首次出版。它的音调优美,措辞独具风格,诗句并有著超自然的氛围。它讲述了一只会说话的渡鸦对一名发狂的恋人的神秘拜访,描绘了这个男人缓慢陷入疯狂的过程。这名恋人,普遍被认为是一名学生[1][2],因失去他的所爱勒诺(Lenore)而深感悲痛。渡鸦坐在帕拉斯[锚点失效]胸像上,似乎在进一步煽动著他的忧伤,不断重复著话语:“永不复焉。”此诗使用了众多民间与古典的文献。
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tenniel-TheRaven.jpg/220px-Tenniel-TheRaven.jpg)
爱伦·坡自认此诗写得十分有逻辑与条理。他的目的是创作一首能皆在评论与大众两方引起共鸣的诗,同他在他1846年的后续评论《创作哲学》中所解释的。此诗说话渡鸦的部分的灵感来自于查尔斯·狄更斯的《巴纳比·拉奇:八零年代暴动的故事》[3]。爱伦·坡亦模仿了白朗宁的诗作《杰拉丁女士的求婚》的复杂节奏与韵律。全诗并使用句中韵以及头韵法。
《乌鸦》于1845年1月29日进行首次印刷,由《纽约镜像晚报》发行。它的出版使得爱伦·坡终身受到欢迎,尽管这并没有为他带来巨大的财富。此诗不久后便再版、受谐仿及加上插图。尽管评论对其地位的见解并不一致,它仍是史上最著名的诗作之一。[4]
大纲
编辑《乌鸦》一诗随著一位不具名的旁白进行,在一个无趣的12月的夜晚里,坐著朗读一段“被遗忘的传说”,来忘却他的恋人丽诺尔逝去。
注释
编辑参考文献
编辑- Adams, John F. "Classical Raven Lore and Poe's Raven" in Poe Studies. Vol. V, no. 2, December 1972. Available online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Forsythe, Robert. "Poe's 'Nevermore': A Note", as collected in American Literature 7. January, 1936.
- Granger, Byrd Howell. "Marginalia - Devil Lore in 'The Raven'" from Poe Studies vol. V, no. 2, December 1972 Available online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Hirsch, David H. "The Raven and the Nightingale" as collected in Poe and His Times: The Artist and His Milieu, edited by Benjamin Franklin Fisher IV. Baltimore: The Edgar Allan Poe Society, Inc., 1990. ISBN 0-9616449-2-3
- Hoffman, Daniel. Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972. ISBN 0-8071-2321-8
- Kopley, Richard and Kevin J. Hayes. "Two verse masterworks: 'The Raven' and 'Ulalume'", collected in The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe, edited by Kevin J. Hayes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-521-79727-6
- Krutch, Joseph Wood. Edgar Allan Poe: A Study in Genius. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1926.
- Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. New York City: Cooper Square Press, 1992. ISBN 0-8154-1038-7
- Moss, Sidney P. Poe's Literary Battles: The Critic in the Context of His Literary Milieu. Southern Illinois University Press, 1969.
- Ostrom, John Ward. "Edgar A. Poe: His Income as Literary Entrepreneur", collected in Poe Studies Vol. 5, no. 1. June 1982.
- Peeples, Scott. Edgar Allan Poe Revisited. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1998. ISBN 0-8057-4572-6
- Poe, Edgar Allan. Edgar Allan Poe: Complete Tales & Poems. Edison, NJ: Castle Books, 2002. ISBN 0-7858-1453-1
- Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991. ISBN 0-06-092331-8
- Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York City: Checkmark Books, 2001. ISBN 0-8160-4161-X
- Thomas, Dwight and David K. Jackson. The Poe Log: A Documentary Life of Edgar Allan Poe, 1809-1849. New York: G. K. Hall & Co., 1987. ISBN 0-7838-1401-1
- Weiss, Susan Archer. The Home Life of Poe. New York: Broadway Publishing Company, 1907.
外部链接
编辑原文
- "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - Full text of the first printing, from the American Review, 1845
- "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - Full text of the final authorized printing, from the Richmond Semi-Weekly Examiner, 1849
评论
- 《渡鸦》夹注 “The Raven” annotated for Chinese readers (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- The Poe Decoder (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - Essay on the symbols, words and composition of "The Raven"
- The Raven. With Literary and Historical Commentary by John H. Ingram. London G. Redway. 1885.
- "The Raven" Study Guide (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- "The Raven" study guide and teacher resources
- "The Raven – Amore in A Minor by Vladimir Voronsky"[永久失效链接]
图本
音讯
- Reading of 'The Raven' and text (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) by Classic Poetry Aloud (MP3)
- "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), complete text and audio
- Garrison Keillor's rendition of "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (RealAudio)
- Reading of "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) by LibriVox
- Audiobook recording with accompanying text of "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Reading of "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) by Martin Reyto
影片
- Video of Vincent Price giving a dramatic, however not always literal, reading of "The Raven"
- Official site (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) of the 2003 short film version by Trilobite Pictures
- "The Raven" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) from The Simpsons Tree House of Horror
- Knowing Poe (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) John Astin gives a dramatic rendition of "The Raven".
多媒体