熊果属
杜鹃花科的一属植物
熊果属（学名：Arctostaphylos；/ˌɑːrktoʊˈstæfɪləs, -lɒs/;[1][2]arkto 熊 + staphyle 葡萄）是杜鹃花科下的一个属，为灌木或小种树植物。
熊果属
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| Whiteleaf Manzanita (Arctostaphylos viscida) | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 真双子叶植物 Eudicots |
| 演化支： | 菊类植物 Asterids |
| 目： | 杜鹃花目 Ericales |
| 科： | 杜鹃花科 Ericaceae |
| 属： | 熊果属 Arctostaphylos Adans. |
| 属 | |
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约60种，详见内文 | |
熊果属包括约60个品种，从紧贴地面的北极圈，到海岸、山上不等，皆为其生活圈子。熊果属一般不高，不会超过六公尺高，而且皆为常绿植物。
物种
编辑According to Philip V. Wells in The Jepson Manual and other sources, there are two subgenera of Arctostaphylos:
- Subgenus Micrococcus
- Sect. Micrococcus
- Arctostaphylos mendocinoensis Pygmy Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos myrtifolia Ione Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos nissenana Nissenan Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos nummularia Glossyleaf Manzanita
- Sect. Micrococcus
- Subgenus Arctostaphylos, which has 3 sections:
- Sect. Arctostaphylos
- Arctostaphylos alpina Alpine Bearberry
- Arctostaphylos bakeri Baker's Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos densiflora Sonoma Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos edmundsii Little Sur Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos franciscana Franciscan Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos gabrielensis San Gabriel Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos glauca Bigberry Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos hispidula Gasquet Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos hookeri Hooker's Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos insularis Island Manzanita
Common Bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - Arctostaphylos klamathensis Klamath Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos manzanita Common Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos mewukka Indian Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos nevadensis Pinemat Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos parryana Parry Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos patula Greenleaf Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos pumila Sandmat Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos pungens Pointleaf Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos rudis Shagbark Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos stanfordiana Stanford's Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry
- Arctostaphylos viscida Sticky Manzanita
- Sect. Foliobracteata
A manzanita (Arctostaphylos sp.) - Arctostaphylos andersonii Santa Cruz Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos auriculata Mount Diablo Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos canescens Hoary Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos catalinae Santa Catalina Island Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos columbiana Hairy Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos confertiflora Santa Rosa Island Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos cruzensis La Cruz Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastwood Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos glutinosa Schreiber's Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos hooveri Hoover's Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos imbricata San Bruno Mountain Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos luciana Santa Lucia Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos malloryi Mallory's Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos montaraensis Montara Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos montereyensis Monterey Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos morroensis Morro Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos nortensis Del Norte Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos obispoensis Serpentine Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos osoensis Oso Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos otayensis Otay Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos pajaroensis Pajaro Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos pallida Pallid Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos pechoensis Pecho Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos pilosula La Panzo Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos purissima La Purissima Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos refugioensis Refugio Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos regismontana Kings Mountain Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos silvicola Bonny Doon Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos tomentosa Woolyleaf Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos virgata Bolinas Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos viridissima Whitehair Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos wellsii Wells' Manzanita
- Sect. Pictobracteata
- Arctostaphylos pringlei Pringle Manzanita
- Sect. Arctostaphylos
- Unassigned
- Arctostaphylos rainbowensis Rainbow Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos gabilanensis Gabilan Manzanita
- Arctostaphylos ohloneana Ohlone Manzanita
- Synonyms
- Arctostaphylos bicolor is generally considered Xylococcus bicolor
- Arctostaphylos crustacea is generally considered Arctostaphylos tomentosa ssp. crustacea
See also the closely related genus Comarostaphylis, previously often included in Arctostaphylos.
种植
编辑由于熊果属植物很容易受到由真菌引起的疾病影响，本属植物的种植比较困难，通常都只能在多盐及碱土上才比较可行。在天气炎热时，应避免把水从头直接淋洒。
参考文献
编辑- James C. Hickman. 1993. The Jepson Manual: higher plants of California, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California. ISBN 0-520-082559.
- C. Michael Hogan. 2012. Arctostaphylos （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Eds. M.McGinley and C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment.
- Treatment from the Jepson Manual （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Philip V. Wells. 2000. Manzanitas of California, Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Lawrence, Kansas. ISBN 0-933994-22-2.
- Philip V. Wells. 1992. Subgenera and sections of Arctostaphylos. The Four Seasons 9: 64-69.
- ^ Arctostaphylos. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. [2016-01-21].
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
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