辅音/子音
|
---|
IPA |
范例 |
汉语描述
|
---|
b
|
buy, cab |
浊音的b;闽南语“闽”
| d
|
dye, cad |
浊音的d;吴语“甜”
| ð
|
thy, breathe, father |
胶辽官话登连片“即”
| dʒ
|
giant, badge, jam |
无此音;衢州话“陈”
| f
|
phi, caff, fan |
同汉语f
| ɡ (ɡ)[1] |
guy, bag |
浊音的g;闽南语“五”、吴语“共”
| h
|
high, ahead |
喉音的h;闽南语和粤语的“海”
| j
|
yes, yacht |
同汉语y
| k
|
sky, crack |
同汉语g或k
| l
|
lie, sly, gal |
同汉语l
| m
|
my, smile, cam |
同汉语m
| n
|
nigh, snide, can |
同汉语n
| ŋ
|
sang, sink, singer |
同汉语ng
| ŋɡ
|
finger, anger
| θ
|
thigh, math |
无此音
| p
|
pie, spy, cap |
同汉语b或p
| r
|
rye, try, very[2] |
类似r或儿化音
| s
|
sigh, mass |
同汉语s
| ʃ
|
shy, cash, emotion |
类似汉语xu
| t
|
tie, sty, cat, atom |
同汉语t
| tʃ
|
China, catch |
类似汉语qu
| v
|
vie, have |
浊音的f;吴语“饭”
| w
|
wye, swine |
同汉语w
| hw
|
why[3] | z
|
zoo, has |
浊音的s
| ʒ
|
pleasure, vision, beige[4] |
无此音;衢州话“床”
| 罕见辅音
|
---|
x
|
ugh, loch, Chanukah[5] |
同汉语h
| ʔ
|
uh-oh /ˈʌʔoʊ/ |
“西安”的“安”的开头
|
|
元音/母音
|
---|
IPA |
完全元音 |
……后面接 R
|
---|
ɑː
|
baht, father
|
ɑr
|
bard, barn, snarl, star(/ɑːr./ 亦可)
| ɒ
|
pod, John, doll
|
ɒr
|
moral, forage
| æ
|
pad, shall, ban
|
ær
|
barrow, marry
| aɪ
|
ride, file, fine, pie
|
aɪər
|
fire (/aɪr./)
| aʊ
|
loud, foul, down, how
|
aʊər
|
hour (/aʊr./)
| ɛ
|
bed, fell, men
|
ɛr
|
error, merry
| eɪ
|
made, fail, vein, pay
|
ɛər
|
scared, scarce, cairn, Mary (/eɪr./)
| ɪ
|
lid, fill, bin
|
ɪr
|
mirror, Sirius
| iː
|
seed, feel, mean, sea
|
ɪər
|
beard, fierce, serious (/iːr./)
| ɔː
|
Maud, dawn, fall, straw
|
ɔr
|
born, for, aural (/ɔːr./)
| ɔɪ
|
void, foil, coin, boy
|
ɔɪər
|
loir, coir (/ɔɪr./)
| oʊ
|
code, foal, bone, go
|
ɔər
|
boar, more, oral (/oʊr./)
| ʊ
|
good, full, woman
|
ʊr
|
courier
| uː
|
food, fool, soon, chew
|
ʊər
|
boor, moor, tourist (/uːr./)
| juː
|
cued, cute, mule, tune, queue
|
jʊər
|
cure
| ʌ
|
mud, dull, gun
|
ʌr
|
borough, hurry
| ɜr
|
word, girl, fern, furry (/ɝː/)
| 弱化元音
|
---|
ə
|
Rosa’s, a mission
|
ər
|
perform(/ɚ/ 亦可)
| ɨ
|
roses, emission (ɪ 或 ə)
|
ən
|
button
| ɵ
|
omission (oʊ 或 ə)
|
əm
|
rhythm
| ʉ
|
beautiful, curriculum ([jʉ]) (ʊ 或 ə)
|
əl
|
bottle
| i
|
serious (ɪ 或 iː)
|
ᵊ, ⁱ
|
(元音经常弱化:nasturtium)
|
| 重音
|
音节划分
|
---|
IPA |
范例
|
IPA |
范例
|
---|
ˈ
|
intonation /ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/, battleship /ˈbætəlʃɪp/
|
.
|
shellfish /ˈʃɛl.fɪʃ/, selfish /ˈsɛlf.ɨʃ/ nitrate /ˈnaɪ.treɪt/, night-rate /ˈnaɪt.reɪt/ hire /ˈhaɪər/, higher /ˈhaɪ.ər/ moai /ˈmoʊ.aɪ/, Windhoek /ˈvɪnt.hʊk/ Vancouveria /væn.kuːˈvɪəriə/
| ˌ
|
|