罗伯特·麦克诺特


罗伯特·麦克诺特Robert H. McNaught ,1956年出生于苏格兰)是一名苏格兰裔澳大利亚天文学家,现在澳大利亚国立大学天体物理学研究学院。

劳勃·麦克诺特
出生1956年
苏格兰
知名于彗星、小行星
科学生涯
研究领域天文学家

他是一名多产的彗星小行星发现者,也是赛丁泉巡天项目英语Siding Spring Survey的参与者。[1] 他最著名的发现是2006年8月7日发现的大彗星麦克诺特彗星(C/2006 P1)。[2]

为了表彰他对天文学的贡献,小行星3173以他的名字McNaught命名。

发现

编辑

彗星

编辑

麦克诺特总共发现82颗彗星。

独立发现的长周期彗星44颗:

  • C/1987 U3
  • C/2005 E2
  • C/2005 L2
  • C/2005 L3
  • C/2005 S4
  • C/2006 B1
  • C/2006 E1
  • C/2006 K1
  • C/2006 K3
  • C/2006 L2
  • C/2006 P1
  • C/2006 Q1
  • C/2007 K6
  • C/2007 M1
  • C/2007 P1
  • C/2007 T1
  • C/2007 Y2
  • C/2008 A1
  • C/2008 J4
  • C/2009 F2
  • C/2009 F4
  • C/2009 F5
  • C/2009 K5
  • C/2009 R1
  • C/2009 T1
  • C/2010 J2
  • C/2011 C1
  • C/2011 G1
  • C/2011 L2
  • C/2011 L3
  • C/2011 N2
  • C/2011 Q2
  • C/2011 R1
  • C/2012 C1
  • C/2012 H2
  • C/2012 K6
  • C/2012 T4
  • C/2012 Y3
  • C/2013 E1
  • C/2013 F3
  • C/2013 G2
  • C/2013 G7
  • C/2013 J3
  • C/2013 O3

独立发现的短周期彗星26颗:

  • 191P/McNaught
  • 220P/McNaught
  • 254P/McNaught
  • 260P/McNaught
  • 278P/McNaught
  • P/2004 R1 (McNaught)
  • P/2005 J1 (McNaught)
  • P/2005 L1 (McNaught)
  • P/2005 Y2 (McNaught)
  • P/2006 G1 (McNaught)
  • P/2006 H1 (McNaught)
  • P/2007 H1 (McNaught)
  • P/2008 J3 (McNaught)
  • P/2008 O2 (McNaught)
  • P/2008 Y3 (McNaught)
  • P/2009 Q5 (McNaught)
  • P/2009 S2 (McNaught)
  • P/2009 U4 (McNaught)
  • P/2010 J5 (McNaught)
  • P/2011 L1 (McNaught)
  • P/2011 P1 (McNaught)
  • P/2011 Q3 (McNaught)
  • P/2012 O1 (McNaught)
  • P/2012 O2 (McNaught)
  • P/2012 O3 (McNaught)
  • P/2013 J2 (McNaught)

作为共同发现者的彗星14颗:

  • P/Catalina-McNaught
  • P/McNaught-Hartley
  • Comet McNaught-Hartley
  • Comets McNaught-Hughes:
  • Comets McNaught-Russell:
    • C/1991 C3
    • C/1991 Q1
    • C/1991 R1
    • C/1993 Y1
    • 262P/McNaught-Russell
  • Comet McNaught-Tritton
  • Comet McNaught-Watson

小行星

编辑
共发现小行星469颗
3904 Honda 1988年2月22日
4093 Bennett 1986年11月7日
4128 UKSTU 1988年1月28日
4129 Richelen 1988年2月22日
4220 Flood 1988年2月22日
4456 Mawson 1989年7月27日
4499 Davidallen 1989年1月4日
4504 Jenkinson 1989年12月21日
4638 Estens 1989年3月2日
4667 Robbiesh 1986年11月4日
4678 Ninian 1990年9月24日
4679 Sybil 1990年10月9日
4699 Sootan 1986年11月4日
4704 Sheena 1988年1月28日
4710 Wade 1989年1月4日
4713 Steel 1989年8月26日
(4953) 1990 MU 1990年6月23日
4956 Noymer 1990年11月12日
4974 Elford 1990年6月14日
5007 Keay 1990年10月20日
5061 McIntosh 1988年2月22日
5066 Garradd 1990年6月22日
5068 Cragg 1990年10月9日
5133 Phillipadams 1990年8月12日
5136 Baggaley 1990年10月20日
(5189) 1990 UQ 1990年10月20日
5277 Brisbane 1988年2月22日
5329 Decaro 1989年12月21日
5335 Damocles 1991年2月18日
5378 Ellyett 1991年4月9日
5380 Sprigg 1991年5月7日
5382 McKay 1991年5月8日
(5441) 1991 JZ1 1991年5月8日
5470 Kurtlindstrom 1988年2月28日
5475 Hanskennedy 1989年8月26日
(5558) 1989 WL2 1989年11月24日
(5604) 1992 FE 1992年3月26日
(5625) 1991 AO2 1991年1月7日
(5627) 1991 MA 1991年6月16日
(5645) 1990 SP 1990年9月20日
(5680) 1989 YZ1 1989年12月30日
5682 Beresford 1990年10月9日
5691 Fredwatson 1992年3月26日
(5739) 1989 WK2 1989年11月24日
(5742) 1990 TN4 1990年10月9日
(5747) 1991 CO3 1991年2月10日
5782 Akirafujiwara 1991年1月7日
5786 Talos 1991年9月3日
(5788) 1992 NJ 1992年7月1日
(5845) 1988 QP 1988年8月19日
(5883) 1993 VM5 1993年11月6日
5914 Kathywhaler 1990年11月20日
(5961) 1989 YH1 1989年12月30日
(6012) 1990 SK4 1990年9月22日
(6019) 1991 RO6 1991年9月3日
(6021) 1991 TM 1991年10月1日
(6038) 1989 EQ 1989年3月4日
(6053) 1993 BW3 1993年1月30日
6130 Hutton 1989年9月24日
6194 Denali 12 October 1990
(6316) 1990 TL6 9 October 1990
(6322) 1991 CQ 10 February 1991
6411 Tamaga 8 October 1993
(6454) 1991 UG1 29 October 1991
(6455) 1992 HE 25 April 1992
(6461) 1993 VB5 4 November 1993
6523 Clube 1 October 1991
6564 Asher 25 January 1992
6708 Bobbievaile 4 January 1989
6870 Pauldavies 28 July 1992
6906 Johnmills 19 November 1990
6907 Harryford 19 November 1990
6916 Lewispearce 27 July 1992
(6960) 1989 AL5 4 January 1989
7096 Napier 3 November 1992
7120 Davidgavine 4 January 1989
7170 Livesey 30 June 1987
(7177) 1990 TF 9 October 1990
(7247) 1991 TD1 12 October 1991
7345 Happer 28 July 1992
(7350) 1993 VA 7 November 1993
(7474) 1992 TC 1 October 1992
(7482) 1994 PC1 9 August 1994
(7582) 1990 WL 20 November 1990
(7588) 1992 FJ1 24 March 1992
7604 Kridsadaporn 31 August 1995
(7660) 1993 VM1 5 November 1993
(7761) 1990 SL 20 September 1990
(7822) 1991 CS 13 February 1991
(7839) 1994 ND 3 July 1994
(7888) 1993 UC 20 October 1993
(7977) 1977 QQ5 21 August 1977
8028 Joeengle 30 August 1991
8030 Williamknight 29 September 1991
(8037) 1993 HO1 20 April 1993
8113 Matsue[1] 21 April 1996
8115 Sakabe[2] 24 April 1996
(8176) 1991 WA 29 November 1991
8218 Hosty 8 May 1996
(8219) 1996 JL[3] 10 May 1996
(8283) 1991 SV 30 September 1991
(8368) 1991 DM 20 February 1991
(8486) 1989 QV 26 August 1989
8515 Corvan 4 September 1991
(8653) 1990 KE 20 May 1990
(8654) 1990 KC1 20 May 1990
(8842) 1990 KF 20 May 1990
(8899) 1995 SX29 22 September 1995
(9047) 1991 QF 30 August 1991
9349 Lucas 30 September 1991
(9391) 1994 PH1 14 August 1994
(9583) 1990 HL1 28 April 1990
9594 Garstang 4 September 1991
(9714) 1975 LF1 1 June 1975
(9843) 1989 AL3 4 January 1989
(9850) 1990 TM5 9 October 1990
(9853) 1991 AN2 7 January 1991
(9855) 1991 CU 7 February 1991
(9857) 1991 EN 10 March 1991
(9873) 1992 GH 9 April 1992
(9881) 1994 SE 25 September 1994
(9899) 1996 EH 12 March 1996
9984 Gregbryant[4] 18 April 1996
9985 Akiko[1] 12 May 1996
(10058) 1988 DD5 25 February 1988
(10098) 1991 SC1 30 September 1991
10188 Yasuoyoneda[2] 14 May 1996
(10342) 1991 TQ 1 October 1991
(10511) 1989 OD 21 July 1989
(10525) 1990 TO 12 October 1990
(10736) 1988 DD3 22 February 1988
(10737) 1988 DZ4 25 February 1988
(10773) 1991 AK2 7 January 1991
(10841) 1994 PP1 12 August 1994
(11030) 1988 PK 13 August 1988
(11036) 1989 AW5 4 January 1989
(11052) 1990 WM 20 November 1990
(11062) 1991 SN 30 September 1991
(11093) 1994 HD 17 April 1994
(11597) 1995 KL1 31 May 1995
(11889) 1991 AH2 7 January 1991
(11890) 1991 FF 18 March 1991
(11903) 1991 RD7 2 September 1991
(12263) 1989 YA4 30 December 1989
(12273) 1990 TS4 9 October 1990
(12305) 1991 TE1 12 October 1991
(12378) 1994 PK1 15 August 1994
12446 Juliabryant[4] 15 August 1996
(12705) 1990 TJ 12 October 1990
(12732) 1991 TN 1 October 1991
12819 Susumutakahasi[2] 12 May 1996
(13016) 1988 DB5 25 February 1988
(13020) 1988 PW2 10 August 1988
(13036) 1989 YO3 30 December 1989
(13060) 1991 EJ 10 March 1991
(13110) 1993 LS1 15 June 1993
(13120) 1993 VU7 4 November 1993
13176 Kobedaitenken[1] 21 April 1996
(13505) 1989 AB3 4 January 1989
(13506) 1989 AF3 4 January 1989
(13507) 1989 AN5 4 January 1989
(13517) 1990 UU1 20 October 1990
(13522) 1991 FG 18 March 1991
(13537) 1991 SG 29 September 1991
(13538) 1991 ST 30 September 1991
(13539) 1991 TY 2 October 1991
(13551) 1992 FL1 26 March 1992
(13929) 1988 PL 13 August 1988
(13953) 1990 TO4 9 October 1990
(13957) 1991 AG2 7 January 1991
(13968) 1991 RE7 2 September 1991
(14374) 1989 SA 21 September 1989
(14409) 1991 RM1 5 September 1991
14420 Massey 30 September 1991
(14421) 1991 SA1 30 September 1991
(14464) 1993 HC1 21 April 1993
(14471) 1993 SG1 21 September 1993
(14879) 1991 AL2 7 January 1991
(15227) 1986 VA 4 November 1986
(15234) 1988 BJ5 28 January 1988
(15235) 1988 DA5 25 February 1988
(15270) 1991 AE2 7 January 1991
(15289) 1991 TL 1 October 1991
(15290) 1991 TF1 12 October 1991
(15334) 1993 UE 20 October 1993
(15337) 1993 VT2 7 November 1993
15368 Katsuji[2] 14 May 1996
(15725) 1990 TX4 9 October 1990
(15726) 1990 TG5 9 October 1990
(15848) 1995 YJ4 28 December 1995
(16440) 1989 EN5 2 March 1989
(16460) 1989 YF1 30 December 1989
(16468) 1990 HW1 27 April 1990
(16489) 1990 SG 17 September 1990
(16504) 1990 TR5 9 October 1990
(16506) 1990 UH1 20 October 1990
(16517) 1990 WD 19 November 1990
(16657) 1993 UB 23 October 1993
(17411) 1988 DF3 22 February 1988
(17425) 1989 AM3 4 January 1989
(17448) 1990 HU1 27 April 1990
(17485) 1991 RP9 5 September 1991
(17487) 1991 SY 30 September 1991
17503 Celestechild 26 March 1992
(17555) 1993 VC5 4 November 1993
17640 Mount Stromlo[4] 15 August 1996
18376 Quirk 30 September 1991
(18377) 1991 SH1 28 September 1991
(18393) 1992 QB 19 August 1992
18412 Kruszelnicki 13 June 1993
18413 Adamspencer 13 June 1993
(18496) 1996 JN1 9 May 1996
(18506) 1996 PY6[4] 15 August 1996
(18514) 1996 TE11 14 October 1996
(19146) 1989 YY 30 December 1989
(19147) 1989 YV4 30 December 1989
(19151) 1990 KD1 20 May 1990
(19170) 1991 FH 18 March 1991
(19181) 1991 SD1 30 September 1991
(19261) 1995 MB 21 June 1995
(19986) 1990 KD 20 May 1990
20002 Tillysmith 10 March 1991
(20015) 1991 SR 30 September 1991
20043 Ellenmacarthur 2 March 1993
(20086) 1994 LW 12 June 1994
(20111) 1995 SO5 22 September 1995
(20494) 1999 PM1 3 August 1999
(20691) 1999 VY72 11 November 1999
(21005) 1988 BF5 28 January 1988
(21063) 1991 JC2 8 May 1991
21073 Darksky 4 September 1991
(21100) 1992 OB 26 July 1992
(21150) 1993 LF1 13 June 1993
(21151) 1993 LO1 13 June 1993
(21153) 1993 MF1 18 June 1993
(21193) 1994 PJ1 14 August 1994
(21194) 1994 PN1 11 August 1994
21262 Kanba[1] 24 April 1996
(22326) 1991 SZ 30 September 1991
(22327) 1991 TS 1 October 1991
(22367) 1993 MZ 18 June 1993
(23183) 2000 OY21 28 July 2000
(23449) 1988 BG5 28 January 1988
(23453) 1988 QR 19 August 1988
(23474) 1990 UX1 20 October 1990
(23480) 1991 EL 10 March 1991
(23493) 1991 SO 30 September 1991
(23615) 1996 FK12 28 March 1996
(24660) 1988 BH5 28 January 1988
(24672) 1989 OJ 27 July 1989
24680 Alleven 30 December 1989
(24688) 1990 KE1 20 May 1990
(24698) 1990 TU4 9 October 1990
(24718) 1991 SW 30 September 1991
(24719) 1991 SE1 30 September 1991
(24721) 1991 TJ 1 October 1991
(24722) 1991 TK 1 October 1991
(24819) 1994 XY4 6 December 1994
(26098) 1989 AN3 4 January 1989
(26118) 1991 TH 1 October 1991
(26142) 1994 PL1 3 August 1994
(26152) 1994 UF 24 October 1994
(26903) 1995 YT3 20 December 1995
(27723) 1990 QA 19 August 1990
(27738) 1990 TT4 9 October 1990
(27743) 1990 VM 8 November 1990
(27760) 1991 RB7 2 September 1991
(27766) 1991 TO 1 October 1991
(27767) 1991 TP 1 October 1991
(27784) 1992 OE 27 July 1992
(27842) 1994 QJ 28 August 1994
(28395) 1999 RZ42 3 September 1999
(29143) 1988 DK 22 February 1988
(29213) 1991 SJ 29 September 1991
(30795) 1989 AR5 4 January 1989
(30808) 1989 YA2 30 December 1989
(30824) 1990 TD 9 October 1990
(30930) 1993 UF 20 October 1993
(30969) 1995 BP2 29 January 1995
(31017) 1996 EH2 15 March 1996
(31044) 1996 NY 11 July 1996
(32171) 2000 ND10 1 July 2000
(32802) 1990 SK 20 September 1990
(35107) 1991 VH 9 November 1991
(35134) 1992 RE 4 September 1992
(35159) 1993 LH1 13 June 1993
(35183) 1993 UY2 20 October 1993
(35198) 1994 PM1 9 August 1994
(37638) 1993 VB 6 November 1993
(37649) 1994 FC 19 March 1994
(37650) 1994 FP 21 March 1994
(39532) 1990 HZ1 27 April 1990
(39561) 1992 QA 19 August 1992
(39563) 1992 RB 2 September 1992
(39591) 1993 LR1 15 June 1993
(39618) 1994 LT 12 June 1994
(39636) 1995 BQ2 29 January 1995
(41504) 2000 QY148 29 August 2000
(42490) 1991 SU 30 September 1991
(42491) 1991 TF 1 October 1991
(42847) 1999 RC43 11 September 1999
(42930) 1999 TM11 6 October 1999
(42933) 1999 TR19 15 October 1999
(43764) 1988 BL5 28 January 1988
(43797) 1991 AF2 7 January 1991
(43869) 1994 RD11 10 September 1994
(46544) 1988 QO 19 August 1988
46568 Stevenlee 30 September 1991
(46597) 1993 DK2 24 February 1993
(46605) 1993 HQ1 18 April 1993
(46667) 1996 HM2 18 April 1996
(48438) 1989 WJ2 21 November 1989
(48440) 1989 YO2 30 December 1989
(48462) 1991 RT6 3 September 1991
(48467) 1991 SB1 30 September 1991
(48527) 1993 LC1 13 June 1993
(48560) 1993 UX2 20 October 1993
(48561) 1993 UZ2 21 October 1993
(48605) 1995 CW1 7 February 1995
(50365) 2000 CP77 7 February 2000
(52290) 1990 SF 17 September 1990
(52297) 1991 CH2 12 February 1991
(52310) 1991 VJ 9 November 1991
(52338) 1992 RH1 2 September 1992
(52439) 1994 QL 16 August 1994
(52440) 1994 QN 26 August 1994
(52460) 1995 DA3 24 February 1995
(55740) 1989 YL2 30 December 1989
(55770) 1992 OW 28 July 1992
(56801) 2000 PF9 6 August 2000
(58177) 1990 TB6 9 October 1990
(58178) 1990 UY1 20 October 1990
(58187) 1991 TD 1 October 1991
(58291) 1994 GA 1 April 1994
(58296) 1994 LF1 2 June 1994
(58325) 1994 RE11 11 September 1994
(58330) 1994 TK 3 October 1994
(58419) 1996 BD4 26 January 1996
(59798) 1999 PO1 3 August 1999
(61349) 2000 PD9 6 August 2000
(61350) 2000 PL9 6 August 2000
(61731) 2000 QV148 29 August 2000
(65671) 1988 DE3 22 February 1988
(65690) 1991 DG 20 February 1991
(65706) 1992 NA 1 July 1992
(65717) 1993 BX3 31 January 1993
(65730) 1993 LP1 14 June 1993
(65750) 1993 UV2 20 October 1993
(68728) 2002 EP6 6 March 2002
(69307) 1992 ON 28 July 1992
(69331) 1993 LE1 13 June 1993
(69332) 1993 LJ1 13 June 1993
(69401) 1995 QV3 26 August 1995
(70453) 1999 TS19 15 October 1999
(73674) 1988 BN5 28 January 1988
(73698) 1991 TE 1 October 1991
(73804) 1995 RG 3 September 1995
(74820) 1999 TN11 7 October 1999
(79139) 1991 SP 30 September 1991
(79141) 1991 TB 1 October 1991
(79220) 1994 PO1 12 August 1994
(85159) 1988 DL 22 February 1988
(85166) 1989 OC 21 July 1989
(85212) 1992 RF 4 September 1992
(85236) 1993 KH 24 May 1993
(86067) 1999 RM28 3 September 1999
(86480) 2000 CT97 9 February 2000
(87275) 2000 PZ8 4 August 2000
(87276) 2000 PE9 6 August 2000
(90705) 1989 AZ5 4 January 1989
(90710) 1990 TF6 9 October 1990
(90731) 1992 OC 26 July 1992
(90809) 1995 DX2 24 February 1995
(90810) 1995 DY2 24 February 1995
(90862) 1996 KM1[4] 22 May 1996
(92587) 2000 PH9 6 August 2000
(93048) 2000 SB7 22 September 2000
(94045) 2000 XO54 11 December 2000
(95683) 2002 JA 2 May 2002
(96179) 1988 DX4 25 February 1988
(96237) 1993 VL1 4 November 1993
(97520) 2000 DA18 25 February 2000
(100044) 1991 TX 1 October 1991
(100118) 1993 LG1 13 June 1993
(100201) 1994 FD 19 March 1994
(100202) 1994 GB 2 April 1994
(100276) 1994 XV 6 December 1994
(100333) 1995 SN5 22 September 1995
(101969) 1999 RJ45 13 September 1999
(103806) 2000 DZ17 25 February 2000
(105107) 2000 LY14 2 June 2000
(105211) 2000 OM52 29 July 2000
(119904) 2002 EX6 6 March 2002
(120152) 2003 HJ1 21 April 2003
(120640) 1996 PN[4] 9 August 1996
(122215) 2000 NE10 1 July 2000
(127451) 2002 PZ140 14 August 2002
(127934) 2003 HK1 22 April 2003
(129493) 1995 BM2 29 January 1995
(132161) 2002 EZ6 6 March 2002
(132790) 2002 PW140 14 August 2002
(134366) 1995 LC 1 June 1995
(134371) 1995 RH 3 September 1995
(134380) 1995 YH4 28 December 1995
(135737) 2002 PV140 14 August 2002
(135738) 2002 PX140 14 August 2002
(136121) 2003 OA 18 July 2003
(136770) 1996 PC1 11 August 1996
(139462) 2001 OD84 22 July 2001
(141492) 2002 EB7 6 March 2002
(148513) 2001 OE113 22 July 2001
(152558) 1990 SA 16 September 1990
(152561) 1991 RB 4 September 1991
(153031) 2000 PM9 6 August 2000
(154594) 2003 OB 18 July 2003
(158013) 2000 QW148 29 August 2000
(159367) 1977 OX 22 July 1977
(160019) 1994 FE 19 March 1994
(160325) 2003 NV1 2 July 2003
(160509) 1990 EG5 4 March 19904
(162003) 1991 TG 1 October 1991
(162014) 1994 RF11 11 September 1994
(162015) 1994 TF2 5 October 1994
(162039) 1996 JG 8 May 1996
(163189) 2002 EU6 6 March 2002
(166485) 2002 PA141 14 August 2002
(168334) 1994 PQ1 12 August 1994
(175706) 1996 FG3 24 March 1996
(180825) 2005 GS9 2 April 2005
(181748) 1996 DC2 26 February 1996
(183029) 2002 PU140 14 August 2002
(191096) 2002 EO6 6 March 2002
(192290) 1989 QT 26 August 1989
(196415) 2003 HE 24 April 2003
(196516) 2003 OJ 18 July 2003
(201500) 2003 LV2 2 June 2003
(210831) 2001 OB84 17 July 2001
(213008) 1995 DB3 24 February 1995
(215100) 1992 RD 2 September 1992
(215101) 1995 LB 1 June 1995
(215591) 2003 OH 18 July 2003
(222829) 2002 EG7 6 March 2002
(225333) 1998 QB105 30 August 1998
(229915) 1990 SH 17 September 1990
(229958) 1999 RD43 13 September 1999
(231786) 2000 CU97 9 February 2000
(238116) 2003 OE 18 July 2003
(242493) 2004 WO12 22 November 2004
(244274) 2002 EC7 6 March 2002
(246877) 1995 DZ2 24 February 1995
(247742) 2003 LJ6 8 June 2003
(272282) 2005 SX 22 September 2005
(282357) 2003 HL1 22 April 2003
(297244) 1994 UW1 29 October 1994
(297249) 1995 DQ2 25 February 1995
(301855) 1995 CY1 7 February 1995
(306611) 2000 PA9 4 August 2000
(322074) 2010 VB112 13 April 2004
(322532) 2011 YQ20 31 March 2004
(322716) 2000 PG9 6 August 2000
(322928) 2002 ET6 6 March 2002
(326485) 2002 EQ6 6 March 2002
(326487) 2002 EC51 6 March 2002
(333929) 1999 UP2 16 October 1999
(334768) 2003 SR76 18 September 2003
(337245) 2000 QX148 29 August 2000
(347786) 2002 EY6 6 March 2002
(350518) 2000 CH72 4 February 2000
(360192) 1991 FB 18 March 1991
  1. 1 with Hiroshi Abe (astronomer)
  2. 2 with Yasukazu Ikari
  3. 3 with Takuo Kojima
  4. 4 with Jack B. Child

参考资料

编辑
  1. ^ Earth-threatening space rocks hunted by ANU. Media releases (Australian National University). 2004-04-06 [2007-01-21]. (原始内容存档于2006-09-07). 
  2. ^ Kronk, Gary. C/2007 P1 (McNaught). Cometography. [2013-04-24]. (原始内容存档于2007-01-20).