罗穆亚
圣罗穆亚（Saint Romualdus，西元951 年至1025），[1]或译作圣罗慕尔德、圣罗慕铎。在 11 世纪初创立了卡马尔多利斯修道院，遵循本笃会传统，恢复起初修道院的隐士生活。[2]圣罗穆亚也是十一世纪“隐士禁欲主义”的重要人物。[3]他用了大约30 年的时间游历义大利，并建立和改造修道院及隐居所。
| 罗穆亚 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 出生 | c. 951 Ravenna |
| 逝世 | 19 June 1027 Val di Castro |
| 敬礼于 | Roman Catholic Church |
| 瞻礼 | 19 June 7 February (1595–1969) |
根据 Peter Damian在罗穆亚去世约十五年后[4]冩的《 vita》, [5]， 罗穆亚出生在义大利东北部的拉文纳，属于贵族奥涅斯蒂（Onesti）家族。他的父亲是Sergius degli Onesti，母亲是Traversara Traversari。
根据早期的记载，年轻时的罗穆亚沉迷于第十世纪贵族普遍性的俗世快乐和罪恶。二十岁时，他担任父亲的副手，然而父亲在财产决斗中杀死了一位亲戚，罗穆亚对自己目睹的罪行感到厌恶，于是前往圣阿波利纳里斯修道院（Saint Pollinare）为他的父亲进行四十天的忏悔。[6] 这 40 天的经历使罗穆亚成为圣阿波利纳里斯修道院的修道士，但严格的禁欲主义使他与其他一些修道士发生了冲突。于是罗穆亚离开拉文纳前往威尼斯，在那里成为隐士马里努斯的弟子。
拉文纳的圣罗慕亚于 1027 年 6 月 19 日在修道院的牢房内去世。教皇贵格利十三世于 1582 年册封他为圣人。[2]
参考资料
编辑- ^ The traditional year of his death, given as 1027, rests entirely on testimony by Guido Grandi (died 1742), a hagiographical forger, who stated that he had seen the date in documents: see Tabacco 1942, preface:liv.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 St. Romuald. CNA( catholic news agency). 2023-12-18 [2023-12-21]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-22） （英语）.
- ^ The traditional year of his death, given as 1027, rests entirely on testimony by Guido Grandi (died 1742), a hagiographical forger, who stated that he had seen the date in documents: see Tabacco 1942, preface:liv.
- ^ John Howe, "The Awesome Hermit: The Symbolic Significance of the Hermit as a Possible Research Perspective", Numen 30.1 (July 1983:106-119) p 106, noting Ernst Werner, Pauperi Christi: Studien zu socialreligiosen Bewegungen in Zeitalter des ersten Kreuzzuges (Leipzig) 1956; Howe also notes the contemporary examples of Peter the Hermit, leader of a crusade; Norbert of Xanten, founder of the Praemostratensians, and Henry of Lausanne, declared a heretic.
- ^ Peter's Vita Beati Romualdi was edited by Giovanni Tabacco in the series Fonti per la storia d'Italia (Rome) 1957.
- ^ Foley O.F.M., Leonard. "St. Romuald", Saint of the Day, Lives, Lessons and Feast, (revised by Pat McCloskey O.F.M.), Franciscan Media. [2023-12-19]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-25）.