羅穆亞
聖羅穆亞（Saint Romualdus，西元951 年至1025），[1]或譯作聖羅慕爾德、聖羅慕鐸。在 11 世紀初創立了卡馬爾多利斯修道院，遵循本篤會傳統，恢復起初修道院的隱士生活。[2]聖羅穆亞也是十一世紀「隱士禁慾主義」的重要人物。[3]他用了大約30 年的時間遊歷義大利，並建立和改造修道院及隱居所。
| 羅穆亞 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 出生 | c. 951 Ravenna |
| 逝世 | 19 June 1027 Val di Castro |
| 敬禮於 | Roman Catholic Church |
| 瞻禮 | 19 June 7 February (1595–1969) |
根據 Peter Damian在羅穆亞去世約十五年後[4]冩的《 vita》, [5]， 羅穆亞出生在義大利東北部的拉文納，屬於貴族奧涅斯蒂（Onesti）家族。他的父親是Sergius degli Onesti，母親是Traversara Traversari。
根據早期的記載，年輕時的羅穆亞沉迷於第十世紀貴族普遍性的俗世快樂和罪惡。二十歲時，他擔任父親的副手，然而父親在財產決鬥中殺死了一位親戚，羅穆亞對自己目睹的罪行感到厭惡，於是前往聖阿波利納里斯修道院（Saint Pollinare）為他的父親進行四十天的懺悔。[6] 這 40 天的經歷使羅穆亞成為聖阿波利納里斯修道院的修道士，但嚴格的禁慾主義使他與其他一些修道士發生了衝突。於是羅穆亞離開拉文納前往威尼斯，在那裡成為隱士馬裡努斯的弟子。
拉文納的聖羅慕亞於 1027 年 6 月 19 日在修道院的牢房內去世。教皇貴格利十三世於 1582 年冊封他為聖人。[2]
參考資料
編輯- ^ The traditional year of his death, given as 1027, rests entirely on testimony by Guido Grandi (died 1742), a hagiographical forger, who stated that he had seen the date in documents: see Tabacco 1942, preface:liv.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 St. Romuald. CNA( catholic news agency). 2023-12-18 [2023-12-21]. （原始內容存檔於2023-10-22） （英語）.
- ^ The traditional year of his death, given as 1027, rests entirely on testimony by Guido Grandi (died 1742), a hagiographical forger, who stated that he had seen the date in documents: see Tabacco 1942, preface:liv.
- ^ John Howe, "The Awesome Hermit: The Symbolic Significance of the Hermit as a Possible Research Perspective", Numen 30.1 (July 1983:106-119) p 106, noting Ernst Werner, Pauperi Christi: Studien zu socialreligiosen Bewegungen in Zeitalter des ersten Kreuzzuges (Leipzig) 1956; Howe also notes the contemporary examples of Peter the Hermit, leader of a crusade; Norbert of Xanten, founder of the Praemostratensians, and Henry of Lausanne, declared a heretic.
- ^ Peter's Vita Beati Romualdi was edited by Giovanni Tabacco in the series Fonti per la storia d'Italia (Rome) 1957.
- ^ Foley O.F.M., Leonard. "St. Romuald", Saint of the Day, Lives, Lessons and Feast, (revised by Pat McCloskey O.F.M.), Franciscan Media. [2023-12-19]. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-25）.