膜蛋白质
膜蛋白(英语:membrane protein)是指能够结合或整合到细胞或细胞器的膜上的蛋白质的总称。而细胞中一半以上的蛋白质可以与膜以不同形式结合。根据与膜结合强度的不同以及位置,膜蛋白可以被分为三类:外在膜蛋白(或称外周膜蛋白)、整合膜蛋白和脂锚定蛋白。
主要类型
编辑- 整合膜蛋白是镶嵌在磷脂双分子层上的蛋白质,总是与膜结合在一起,往往可多次跨膜,形成多个α-螺旋构成的跨膜通道。可以定义为需要通过人工加入去垢剂(如SDS或Triton X-100)或其他非极性溶剂才能够从膜中分离出来的蛋白质。其跨膜结构域通常是由20-25个非极性氨基酸组成的α-螺旋结构,而亲水结构域则伸出细胞质面和膜的外表面。内在膜蛋白还可以根据与双分子膜之间结合关系的差异细分为:
- 外在膜蛋白是能够暂时与膜或整合膜蛋白结合的蛋白质,主要是通过疏水、静电和其他非共价相互作用来进行结合,这种结合可以通过加入极性试剂,如高pH或高盐溶液来破坏。
- 脂锚定蛋白是膜蛋白以共价键与脂相连,并以脂肪酸链插入膜中,细胞外表面和胞质面都存在
参见
编辑参考文献
编辑书籍
编辑- 吴光耀 主编:《精英教案》,军事宜文出版社,2005
延伸阅读
编辑- Protein-lipid interactions (Ed. L.K. Tamm) Wiley, 2005.
- Popot J-L. and Engelman D.M. 2000. Helical membrane protein folding, stability, and evolution. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 69: 881-922.
- Bowie J.U. 2005. Solving the membrane protein folding problem. Nature 438: 581-589.
- Cho, W. and Stahelin, R.V. 2005. Membrane-protein interactions in cell signaling and membrane trafficking. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 34: 119–151.
- Goni F.M. 2002. Non-permanent proteins in membranes: when proteins come as visitors. Mol. Membr. Biol. 19: 237-245.
- Johnson J.E. and Cornell R.B. 1999. Amphitropic proteins: regulation by reversible membrane interactions. Mol. Membr. Biol. 16: 217-235.
- Seaton B.A. and Roberts M.F. Peripheral membrane proteins. pp. 355-403. In Biological Membranes (Eds. K. Mertz and B.Roux), Birkhauser Boston, 1996.
外部链接
编辑组织
编辑- Membrane Protein Structural Dynamics Consortium (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Transmembrane Protein Center (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at University of Wisconsin-Madison
膜蛋白质资料库
编辑- List of transmembrane proteins of known 3D structure
- TCDB - Transporter Classification database
- Orientations of Proteins in Membranes (OPM) database 3D structures of integral and peripheral membrane proteins arranged in the lipid bilayer
- Membrane PDB (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Database of 3D structures of integral membrane proteins and hydrophobic peptides with an emphasis on crystallization conditions
- Protein Data Bank of Transmembrane Proteins 3D models of all transmembrane proteins currently in PDB. Approximate positions of membrane boundary planes were calculated for each PDB entry.
- TransportDB Genomics-oriented database of transporters from TIGR
- Membrane targeting domains (MeTaDoR)
延伸阅读
编辑- (英文)The Human Membrane Proteome (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) - A comprehensive article covering the transmembrane protein component of the human proteome