豆螺屬
沼螺科的一属软体动物
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豆螺屬（學名：Bithynia），舊亦作沼螺屬，是一種沼螺科的淡水螺腹足綱軟體動物的屬。如同其他舊屬前鰓亞綱的物種那樣，本屬物種都使用鰓呼吸，而且其殼口都有螺厴[2]。
豆螺屬
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|---|---|
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| Bithynia tentaculata | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 綱： | 腹足綱 Gastropoda |
| 演化支： | 後生腹足類 Apogastropoda |
| 亞綱： | 新進腹足亞綱 Caenogastropoda |
| 目： | 玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha |
| 總科： | 截螺總科 Truncatelloidea |
| 科： | 沼螺科 Bithyniidae |
| 屬： | 豆螺屬 Bithynia Leach, 1818[1] |
| 模式種 | |
| Helix tentaculata Linnaeus, 1758 | |
| 物種 | |
| 異名[2] | |
| |
分佈及多樣性
編輯位於阿爾巴尼亞與黑山邊境上的斯庫台湖是豆螺屬物種的多樣性最豐富的地區：有五個物種，被認為是豆螺屬物種演化的生物多樣性熱點[4]。
物種
編輯Glöer (2002)[5]:190-194只承認Bithynia、Codiella、Neumayria及Parafossarulus這四個歐洲物種的亞屬。他亦把兩個舊屬沼螺屬（Parafossarulus）的已滅絕物種到Bithynia亞屬，因為Parafossarulus屬一般只接受亞洲物種[5]。除了Parafossarulus屬，Digoniostoma也是另一個亞洲物種的亞屬。
以下詳列沼螺屬所有物種及其所屬的亞屬：
- 豆螺亞屬 Bithynia Leach, 1818（指名亞屬）
- Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)：本屬的模式種[6]
- 亞屬 Codiella Locard, 1894
- Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)[6]
- Bithynia transsilvanica (Bielz, 1853)：Bithynia troschelii (Paasch 1842)是這個物種的異名[6]
- † Bithynia bavelensis Meijer, 1990
- 亞屬 Digoniostoma Annandale, 1920[8]
- Bithynia funiculata Walker, 1927[9]
- Bithynia siamensis Lea, 1856[10][11][12]
- 亞屬未定[13]
- Bithynia phialensis (Conrad, 1852)
- Bithynia pseudemmericia Schütt, 1964
- 亞屬 ?
- † Bithynia almerai Almera, 1894
- † Bithynia berthelini Depéret, 1894
- Bithynia boissieri (Küster, 1852)[6]
- † Bithynia brusinai Halaváts, 1903
- † Bithynia budinici Brusina, 1902
- Bithynia candiota Westerlund, 1886[6]
- Bithynia canyamelensis Altaba, 2007
- Bithynia cerameopoma (Benson, 1830)
- Bithynia cettinensis Clessin, 1887
- † Bithynia clessini Brusina, 1884
- Bithynia cretensis Glöer & Maassen, 2009
- † Bithynia croatica Pilar, 1874
- † Bithynia cyclostoma (Rousseau, 1842)
- Bithynia danubialis Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
- † Bithynia dunkeri Gude, 1913
- † Bithynia erzuruma Schütt, 1991
- Bithynia forcarti Glöer & Pešić, 2012
- † Bithynia fuchsi Willmann, 1981
- 圓沼螺 Bithynia fuchsiana (Möllendorff, 1888)[11]
- Bithynia ghodaghodiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- † Bithynia giralanensis Oppenheim, 1919
- † Bithynia glabra (von Zieten, 1832)
- Bithynia graeca Westerlund, 1879[6]
- Bithynia hambergerae A. Reischütz, N. Reischütz & P. L. Reischütz, 2008
- 意大利豆螺 Bithynia italica (Paulucci, 1879)[6]
- † Bithynia jurinaci Brusina, 1884
- Bithynia kobialkai Glöer & Beckmann, 2007[14]
- † Bithynia leberonensis Fischer & Tournouër, 1873
- Bithynia lithoglyphoides (Nesemann & G. Sharma, 2007)
- 長角豆螺 Bithynia longicornis Benson - 中國[11]
- Bithynia majorcina Glöer & Rolán, 2007[15]
- Bithynia manonellesi Altaba, 2007
- † Bithynia marasinica Andrusov, 1909
- Bithynia mazandaranensis Glöer & Pešić, 2012
- † Bithynia mediocris Ludwig, 1865
- † Bithynia minor Locard, 1878
- 臺灣圓沼螺 Bithynia misella (Gredler, 1884)[16]
- Bithynia montenegrina Wohlberedt, 1901
- Bithynia mostarensis Möllendorff, 1873[6]
- † Bithynia multicostata Tchernov, 1975
- Bithynia nakeae Glöer & Beckmann, 2007[14]
- Bithynia numidica Bourguignat, 1864
- Bithynia orcula Frauenfeld, 1862
- Bithynia pauli Altaba, 2007
- Bithynia pesicii Glöer & Yildirim, 2006
- Bithynia phialensis (Conrad, 1852)
- † Bithynia phrygica (Fischer in Tchihatcheff, 1866)
- † Bithynia pilari Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
- † Bithynia pisidica Oppenheim, 1919
- † Bithynia podarensis (Pană in Pană et al., 1981)
- † Bithynia pontica Gozhik, 2002
- Bithynia prespensis Hadžišče, 1963
- Bithynia prestoni Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- † Bithynia protemmericia Willmann, 1981
- Bithynia pseudemmericia Schütt, 1964
- Bithynia pulchella (Benson, 1836)
- Bithynia quintanai Glöer & Beckmann, 2007[14]
- Bithynia radomani Glöer & Pešić, 2007[6]
- Bithynia raptiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- Bithynia reharensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- Bithynia riddifordi Altaba, 2007
- † Bithynia rubella Schütt in Schütt & Besenecker, 1973
- Bithynia rubens (Menke, 1830)
- † Bithynia rumana Porumbaru, 1881
- † Bithynia sabbae Gozhik, 2002
- † Bithynia schuetti Schlickum & Strauch, 1974
- Bithynia schwabii Frauenfeld, 1865[6]
- † Bithynia sermenazensis Depéret, 1894
- Bithynia shapkarevi Glöer, Shoreva & Slavevska-Stamenković, 2015
- Bithynia sibirica Westerlund, 1886
- Bithynia sistanica (Annandale & Prashad, 1919)
- Bithynia skadarskii Glöer & Pešić, 2007[6]
- Bithynia starmuehlneri Glöer & Pešić, 2012
- Bithynia stenothyroides (Dohrn, 1857)
- Bithynia subbaraoi Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- Bithynia timmii Odabaşı & Arslan, 2015
- Bithynia transsilvanica Bielz, 1853
- † Bithynia ungeri (Rolle, 1860)
- † Bithynia veneria Fontannes, 1881
- † Bithynia verneuili (Mayer, 1856)
- † Bithynia verrii de Stefani, 1880
- Bithynia vukotinovici Brusina, 1874 †
- Bithynia walderdorffii Frauenfeld, 1865[6]
- Bithynia walkeri (Brandt, 1968)[17]
- Bithynia yildirimi Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
- Bithynia zeta Glöer & Pešić, 2007[6]
- † Bithynia zoranici Brusina, 1902
- 異名：
- Bithynia badiella (Küster, 1852)：為Pseudobithynia badiella (Küster, 1853)的異名。
- † Bithynia bengestensis Fontannes, 1887：為 † Tylopoma bengestiensis (Fontannes, 1887) 的異名。
- † Bithynia brusinai Halaváts, 1903：為 † Lithoglyphus acutus decipiens Brusina, 1885 的異名。
- † Bithynia crassitesta (Brömme, 1883)：為 † Parafossarulus crassitesta (Brömme, 1883) 的異名。
- † Bithynia curta Locard, 1893：為 † Bithynia glabra helvetica (Wenz, 1930) 的異名。
- † Bithynia gracilis Sandberger, 1875：為 † Bithynia glabra glabra (von Zieten, 1832) 的異名。
- Bithynia hamicensis Pallary, 1939：為Pseudobithynia hamicensis (Pallary, 1939)的異名。
- † Bithynia labiata Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875：為 † Neumayria labiata (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) 的異名。
- Bithynia leachi (Sheppard, 1823)：為Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)的異名。
- Bithynia majewsky Frauenfeld, 1862：為Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)的異名。
- † Bithynia margaritula Fuchs, 1870：為† Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) margaritula (Fuchs, 1870) 的異名。
- Bithynia narentana Locard, 1874 ：為Bithynia mostarensis Möllendorff, 1873的異名。
- Bithynia pentheri Sturany, 1904：為Pseudobithynia pentheri (Sturany, 1904)的異名。[18]
- Bithynia phaeacina Locard, 1887：為Pseudobithynia renei (Letourneux, 1887)的異名。
- † Bithynia podwinensis Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875：為 † Neumayria podwinensis (Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875)的異名。
- † Bithynia proxima Fuchs, 1870：為† Pseudamnicola proxima (Fuchs, 1870) 的異名。
- Bithynia saulcyi Bourguignat, 1853：為Pseudobithynia saulcyi (Bourguignat, 1853)的異名。
- † Bithynia scalaris Fuchs, 1877：為 † Bythinella megarensis Bukowski, 1896 的異名。
- † Bithynia spoliata Stefanescu, 1896：為 † Neumayria spoliata (Stefanescu, 1896) 的異名。
- Bithynia stossichiana Locard, 1894：為Pseudobithynia renei (Letourneux, 1887)的異名。
- Bithynia uzielliana Issel, 1866：為Gangetia uzielliana (Issel, 1866)的異名。
- † Bithynia vucotinovici Brusina, 1874：為 † Neumayria vukotinovici (Brusina, 1874) 的異名。
- † Bithynia vukotinovici Brusina, 1874：為 † Neumayria vukotinovici (Brusina, 1874)的異名。
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編輯參考文獻
編輯- ^ Abel C. (1818). Narrative of a journey in the interior of China, and of a voyage to and from that country, in the years 1816 and 1817; containing an account of the most interesting transactions of Lord Amherst's embassy to the court of Pekin, and observations on the countries which it visited. Illustrated by maps and other engravings. pp. i-xvi [= 1-16], 1-420, pl. [1-22]. London. (Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown). Bithynia at page 362.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. Bithynia Leach, 1818. WoRMS. 2014 [2014-11-19].
- ^ Tohamy, A. A.; Mohamed, S. M. Chromosomal studies on two Egyptian freshwater snails, Cleopatra and Bithynia (Mollusca-Prosobranchiata) (PDF). Arab J. Biotech.. 2006, 9 (1): 17–26 [2017-06-04]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-07-24） （英語）.
- ^ Pešić, V.; Glöer, P. A new freshwater snail genus (Hydrobiidae, Gastropoda) from Montenegro, with a discussion on gastropod diversity and endemism in Skadar Lake. ZooKeys. 2013, 281: 69–90. doi:10.3897/zookeys.281.4409 （英語）.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Glöer, P. Die Süßwassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas [北歐和中歐的淡水腹足綱軟體動物]. Hackenheim: Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, ConchBooks. 2002: 326 pp. ISBN 3-925919-60-0 （德語）.
- ^ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 Species in genus Bithynia （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） (n=13). AnimalBase, accessed 30 December 2012.
- ^ Stefani (1876). Atti Soc. Toscana Sci. nat. 2: 165 [nomen novum]; (1877) 3: 322.
- ^ Annandale (1920). Indian J. med. Res. 8: 104.
- ^ Richter K. & Simonis J. (2012). "Bithynia funiculata" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 30 December 2012.
- ^ Phongsasakulchoti, P.; Sri-Aroon, P.; Kerdpuech, Y. Emergence of Opisthorchis viverrini cercariae from naturally infected Bithynia (Digoniostoma) siamensis goniomphalos. The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health. 2005,. 36 Suppl 4: 189–191. PMID 16438207..
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Traub, R. J.; MacAranas, J.; Mungthin, M.; Leelayoova, S.; Cribb, T.; Murrell, K. D.; Thompson, R. C. A. Sripa, Banchob , 編. A New PCR-Based Approach Indicates the Range of Clonorchis sinensis Now Extends to Central Thailand. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2009, 3 (1): e367. PMC 2614470
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- ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Glöer P. & Beckmann K.-H. (2007). "Radix lilli n. sp. und drei neue Bithynia-Arten von den Balearen (Gastropoda: Bithyniidae, Lymnaeidae). pp. 163-170. In: Beckmann K.-H.: Die Land- und Süßwassermollusken der Balearischen Inseln. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 255 pp., ISBN 978-3-939767-05-3.
- ^ Glöer P. & Rolán E. (2007). "Bithynia majorcina n. sp., a new species from the Balearics (Gastropoda: Bithyniidae). pp. 159-162. In: Beckmann K.-H.: Die Land- und Süßwassermollusken der Balearischen Inseln. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 255 pp., ISBN 978-3-939767-05-3.
- ^ Madhyastha A. (2012). "Bithynia misella" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 30 December 2012.
- ^ Allen D. (2012). "Bithynia walkeri" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 15 March 2014.
- ^ Kebapçı U. (2011). "Pseudobithynia pentheri" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 31 December 2012.
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