長腳家蟻屬
膜翅目蚁科的一属昆虫
長腳家蟻屬 (Aphaenogaster ) 為家蟻亞科。共 205 個現生物種，19 個化石物種[2]。除了哥倫比亞南部、撒哈拉以南非洲和南極洲以外世界廣布[3]。
長腳家蟻屬 化石時期：
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|---|---|
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| A. swammerdami 的工蟻 | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 節肢動物門 Arthropoda |
| 綱： | 昆蟲綱 Insecta |
| 目： | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
| 科： | 蟻科 Formicidae |
| 亞科： | 家蟻亞科 Myrmicinae |
| 族： | 大頭家蟻族 Pheidolini |
| 屬： | 長腳家蟻屬 Aphaenogaster Mayr, 1853 |
| 模式種 | |
| Aphaenogaster sardoa Mayr, 1853
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| 多樣性[1] | |
| 200 species | |
| 異名 | |
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有些物種會和大頭家蟻屬和寡家蟻屬搞混。但大頭家蟻和寡家蟻有兵蟻，而長腳家蟻沒有[4]。大頭家蟻的觸角有三節鞭垂節，長腳家蟻有四節，且體型較大[4]。寡家蟻觸角 11 節，長腳家蟻 12 節[4]。
澳洲的物種會築很顯眼的巢[5]。出入口呈漏斗形，直徑可達 4 公分，因此得名漏斗蟻 (funnel ants)。蟻巢會對高爾夫球場、牧場、機場造成危害，因為被築巢的區域結構脆弱，容易崩塌[4]。但長腳家蟻築巢的習性對生態系很重要，可以對土壤進行生物擾動，促進土壤中的養分流動[5]。
長腳家蟻的主食可能是植物根部的蚜蟲分泌的蜜露，這可以解釋為什麼很少在地表上見到工蟻，漏斗形的蟻巢出入口可能可以用作補食節肢動物的陷阱[4]。
下屬物種
編輯本屬包括以下物種：
- Aphaenogaster aciculata F.Sm.
- Aphaenogaster acuta
- Aphaenogaster aktaci Kiran & Tezcan, 2008
- Aphaenogaster albisetosa Mayr, 1886
- Aphaenogaster amphioceanica de Andrade, 1995
- Aphaenogaster annandalei Mukerjee, 1930
- Aphaenogaster antiqua Dlussky, 2002
- Aphaenogaster arachnoides
- Aphaenogaster araneoides Emery, 1890
- Aphaenogaster ashmeadi Emery, 1895
- Aphaenogaster atlantis Santschi, 1929
- Aphaenogaster avita Fujiyama, 1970
- Aphaenogaster azteca J.Enzmann, 1947
- Aphaenogaster balcanica (Emery, 1898)
- Aphaenogaster baogong Terayama, 2009
- Aphaenogaster barbara L.
- Aphaenogaster barbigula Wheeler, 1916
- Aphaenogaster baronii Cagniant, 1988
- Aphaenogaster beccarii Emery, 1887
- Aphaenogaster beesoni Donisthorpe, 1933
- Aphaenogaster belti Forel, 1895
- Aphaenogaster bidentatus
- Aphaenogaster boulderensis Smith, 1941
- Aphaenogaster burri (Donisthorpe, 1950)
- Aphaenogaster caeciliae Viehmeyer, 1922
- Aphaenogaster campana Emery, 1878
- Aphaenogaster capensis Mayr
- Aphaenogaster cardenai Espadaler, 1981
- Aphaenogaster carolinensis
- Aphaenogaster cavernicola Donisthorpe, 1938
- Aphaenogaster cecconii Emery, 1894
- Aphaenogaster charesi Salata & Borowiec, 2016
- Aphaenogaster clavata
- Aphaenogaster cockerelli Andre, 1893
- Aphaenogaster cristata (Forel, 1902)
- Aphaenogaster crocea Andre, 1881
- Aphaenogaster curiosa Santschi, 1933
- Aphaenogaster dejeani Cagniant, 1982
- Aphaenogaster depilis Santschi, 1911
- Aphaenogaster depressa Bolton, 1995
- Aphaenogaster dlusskyana Radchenko & Perkovsky, 2016
- Aphaenogaster dlusskyi Radchenko & Arakelian, 1991
- Aphaenogaster donisthorpei Carpenter, 1930
- Aphaenogaster dromedaria (Emery, 1900)
- Aphaenogaster dulcineae Emery, 1924
- Aphaenogaster dulciniae Emery, 1924
- Aphaenogaster ensifera Forel, 1899
- Aphaenogaster enspelensis Jessen, 2020
- Aphaenogaster epirotes (Emery, 1915)
- Aphaenogaster equestris Borowiec & Salata, 2014
- Aphaenogaster espadaleri Cagniant, 1984
- Aphaenogaster exasperata Wheeler, 1921
- Aphaenogaster fabulosa Arnol'di, 1968
- Aphaenogaster fallax Cagniant, 1992
- Aphaenogaster famelica (Smith, 1874)
- Aphaenogaster faureli Cagniant, 1969
- Aphaenogaster feae Emery, 1889
- Aphaenogaster fengbo Terayama, 2009
- Aphaenogaster festae Emery, 1915
- Aphaenogaster finzii Mueller, 1921
- Aphaenogaster fiorii Emery, 1915
- Aphaenogaster flemingi Smith, 1928
- Aphaenogaster floridana Smith, 1941
- Aphaenogaster friederichsi Forel, 1918
- Aphaenogaster fulva Roger, 1863
- Aphaenogaster gamagumayaa Naka & Maruyama, 2018[6]
- Aphaenogaster geei Wheeler, 1921
- Aphaenogaster gemella (Roger, 1862)
- Aphaenogaster georgica Arnol'di, 1968
- Aphaenogaster gibbosa (Latreille, 1798)
- Aphaenogaster gigantea Collingwood, 1962
- Aphaenogaster gonacantha (Emery, 1899)
- Aphaenogaster graeca Schulz, 1994
- Aphaenogaster haarlovi Collingwood, 1961
- Aphaenogaster hesperia Santschi, 1911
- Aphaenogaster holtzi (Emery, 1898)
- Aphaenogaster honduriana Mann, 1922
- Aphaenogaster huachucana Creighton, 1934
- 湖南長腳家蟻 Aphaenogaster hunanensis Wu & Wang, 1992
- Aphaenogaster iberica Emery, 1908
- Aphaenogaster ichnusa Santschi, 1925
- Aphaenogaster illyrica Bračko, Lapeva-Gjonova, Salata, Borowiec & Polak, 2019
- Aphaenogaster inermita Bolton, 1995
- Aphaenogaster ionia Santschi, 1933
- Aphaenogaster isekram Bernard, 1977
- Aphaenogaster italica Bondroit, 1918
- Aphaenogaster januschevi Arnol'di, 1976
- Aphaenogaster japonica
- Aphaenogaster jolantae Borowiec & Salata, 2014
- Aphaenogaster kervillei Forel, 1910
- Aphaenogaster kimberleyensis
- Aphaenogaster kurdica Ruzsky, 1905
- Aphaenogaster laevior Emery, 1887
- Aphaenogaster lamellidens Mayr, 1886
- Aphaenogaster lateralis
- Aphaenogaster ledouxi Tohme, 1969
- Aphaenogaster lepida Wheeler, 1930
- Aphaenogaster lesbica Forel, 1913
- Aphaenogaster livida (Heer, 1850)
- Aphaenogaster longaeva (Scudder, 1877)
- Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith, 1858)
- Aphaenogaster (Ischnomyrmex) longipes Sm.
- Aphaenogaster loriai (Emery, 1897)
- Aphaenogaster lustrans Smith, 1961
- Aphaenogaster lykiaensis Borowiec & Salata, 2014
- Aphaenogaster maculata Theobald, 1937
- Aphaenogaster maculifrons Kiran & Aktac, 2008
- Aphaenogaster maculipes Theobald, 1937
- Aphaenogaster mariae Forel, 1886
- Aphaenogaster mayri Carpenter, 1930
- Aphaenogaster mediterrae
- Aphaenogaster megommata Smith, 1963
- Aphaenogaster mersa Wheeler, 1915
- Aphaenogaster messoroides Dlussky, 1990
- Aphaenogaster mexicana (Pergande, 1896)
- Aphaenogaster miamiana Wheeler, 1932
- Aphaenogaster miniata Cagniant, 1990
- Aphaenogaster muelleriana Wolf, 1915
- Aphaenogaster mutica Pergande, 1896
- Aphaenogaster nadigi Santschi, 1923
- Aphaenogaster nana Wheeler, 1932
- Aphaenogaster obsidiana Mayr, 1861
- 西方長腳家蟻 Aphaenogaster occidentalis (Emery, 1895)
- Aphaenogaster oligocenica Wheeler, 1915
- Aphaenogaster olympica Borowiec & Salata, 2014
- Aphaenogaster osimensis Teranishi, 1940
- Aphaenogaster ovaticeps (Emery, 1898)
- Aphaenogaster pallescens Walker, 1871
- Aphaenogaster pallida (Nylander, 1849)
- Aphaenogaster pannonica Bachmayer, 1960
- Aphaenogaster patruelis Forel, 1886
- Aphaenogaster perplexa Smith, 1961
- Aphaenogaster phalangium Emery, 1890
- Aphaenogaster phillipsi Wheeler & Mann, 1916
- Aphaenogaster picea (Wheeler, 1908)
- Aphaenogaster picena Baroni Urbani, 1971
- Aphaenogaster poultoni Crawley, 1922
- Aphaenogaster praedo Emery, 1908
- Aphaenogaster praenoda Santschi, 1933
- Aphaenogaster praerelicta de Andrade, 1995
- Aphaenogaster projectens Donisthorpe, 1947
- Aphaenogaster punctaticeps MacKay, 1989
- Aphaenogaster pusilla Enzmann, 1947
- Aphaenogaster pythia Forel, 1915
- Aphaenogaster quadrispina Emery, 1911
- Aphaenogaster reichelae
- Aphaenogaster relicta Wheeler & Mann, 1914
- Aphaenogaster rhaphidiiceps (Mayr, 1877)
- Aphaenogaster rifensis Cagniant, 1994
- Aphaenogaster rothneyi Forel, 1902
- Aphaenogaster rudis
- Aphaenogaster ruida Wheeler, 1928
- Aphaenogaster rupestris Forel, 1909
- Aphaenogaster sagei (Forel, 1902)
- Aphaenogaster saharensis Bernard, 1953
- Aphaenogaster sangiorgii (Emery, 1901)
- Aphaenogaster sardoa Mayr, 1853
- Aphaenogaster schmidti Karavaiev, 1912
- Aphaenogaster schmitzi
- Aphaenogaster schurri (Forel, 1902)
- Aphaenogaster semipolita (Nylander, 1856)
- Aphaenogaster senilis Mayr, 1853[7]
- Aphaenogaster sicardi Cagniant, 1990
- Aphaenogaster sicula Emery, 1908
- Aphaenogaster simonellii Emery, 1894
- 中華長腳家蟻 Aphaenogaster sinensis Wheeler, 1928
- Aphaenogaster smythiesii (Forel, 1902)
- Aphaenogaster sommerfeldti Mayr, 1868
- Aphaenogaster spinosa Emery, 1878
- Aphaenogaster splendida (Roger, 1859)
- Aphaenogaster striativentris Forel, 1895
- Aphaenogaster striola Roger
- Aphaenogaster strioloides Forel, 1890
- Aphaenogaster subcostata Viehmeyer, 1922
- Aphaenogaster subterranea (Latreille, 1798)
- Aphaenogaster subterraneo-splendida Em.e For.
- Aphaenogaster subterraneoides Emery, 1881
- Aphaenogaster swammerdami Forel, 1886
- Aphaenogaster syria
- Aphaenogaster syriaca Emery, 1908
- Aphaenogaster takahashii Wheeler, 1930
- Aphaenogaster tennesseensis (Mayr, 1862)
- Aphaenogaster testaceopilosa (Lucas, 1849)
- Aphaenogaster texana Wheeler, 1915
- Aphaenogaster theryi Santschi, 1923
- Aphaenogaster tibetana Donisthorpe, 1929
- Aphaenogaster tinauti Cagniant, 1992
- Aphaenogaster tipuna Forel, 1913
- Aphaenogaster torossiani Cagniant, 1988
- Aphaenogaster treatae Forel, 1886
- Aphaenogaster trinacriae Alicata & Schifani, 2019
- Aphaenogaster turkestanica Arnol'di, 1976
- Aphaenogaster uinta Wheeler, 1917
- Aphaenogaster ujhelyii Szabo, 1910
- Aphaenogaster ulibeli Gómez & Espadaler, 2018
- Aphaenogaster umphreyi
- Aphaenogaster vapida Wheeler, 1928
- Aphaenogaster verecunda Wheeler, 1928
- Aphaenogaster wangtian Terayama, 2009
- Aphaenogaster wangye Terayama, 2009
- Aphaenogaster weigoldi Viehmeyer, 1922
- Aphaenogaster weulersseae Cagniant, 1989
- Aphaenogaster wilsoni Cagniant, 1988
- Aphaenogaster xuantian Terayama, 2009
參考資料
編輯- ^ Bolton, B. Aphaenogaster. AntCat. 2014 [23 July 2014].
- ^ Barry Bolton. AntCat. [2020-06-13]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-08）.
- ^ Radchenko, A. G.; Perkovsky, E. E. The ant Aphaenogaster dlusskyana sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Sakhalin amber—the earliest described species of an extant genus of Myrmicinae. Paleontological Journal. 2016, 50 (9): 936–946. doi:10.1134/S0031030116090136.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Genus Aphaenogaster 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期October 9, 2009，.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Richards, P.J. (2009) Aphaenogaster ants as bioturbators: impacts on soil and slope processes. Earth-Science Reviews 96: 92-106.
- ^ Takeru Naka and Munetoshi Maruyama. 2018. Aphaenogaster gamagumayaa sp. nov.: The First Troglobiotic Ant from Japan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Zootaxa. 4450(1); 135–141. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.1.10
- ^ J. Manuel Vidal-Cordero, Jesús Nogueras and Elena Tena. 2023. Bat Droppings Collection by Ants in Epigean Environments. Ecological Entomology. DOI: 10.1111/een.13305
外部連結
編輯
維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：Aphaenogaster
