髕骨肌腱炎

髕骨肌腱炎
髕骨肌腱炎
又稱	股四頭肌肌腱病變、髕骨肌腱病變、跳躍膝、髕腱病、髕腱炎
	髕骨肌腱炎疼痛的位置
症狀	膝關節前側疼痛
併發症	髕骨肌腱斷裂（英語：Patellar tendon rupture）
風險因素	跳躍運動和體重過重
診斷方法	根據症狀和身體檢查
鑑別診斷	奧斯戈德氏病（英語：Osgood-Schlatter disease）、髕骨下滑囊炎（英語：Infrapatellar bursitis）、髕骨軟化症（英語：Chondromalacia patellae）和髕骨股骨疼痛症候群（英語：Patellofemoral pain syndrome）
治療	休息和物理治療
預後	恢復緩慢
盛行率	發生於 14% 的運動員
分類和外部資源
醫學專科	骨科、運動醫學、風濕病學
ICD-9-CM	726.64
DiseasesDB	9704
eMedicine	89569
	[編輯此條目的維基數據]

髕骨肌腱炎，又稱跳躍膝，是一種因過度使用造成伸直膝關節的肌腱受傷^[1]。症狀包括膝關節前側疼痛^[1]。疼痛和壓痛通常發生在髕骨的下端，但也可能發生在膝蓋上端^[2]。一般來說，休息時不會感到疼痛^[2]。可能的併發症包括髕骨肌腱斷裂（英語：Patellar tendon rupture） ^[2]

危險因子包括參運動和體重過重^[1]。在籃球和排球等跳躍類運動的運動員中特別常見^[1] ^[2]。可能的機轉是連接膝蓋骨和脛骨的肌腱出現細小撕裂傷^[2]。通常由症狀和身體檢查診斷^[2]。其他類似病症包括髕骨下滑囊炎（英語：Infrapatellar bursitis）、髕骨軟化症（英語：Chondromalacia patellae）和髕骨股骨疼痛症候群（英語：Patellofemoral pain syndrome）^[1] ^[2]。

治療通常包括讓膝蓋休息和物理治療^[2]。然而，包括休息在內的治療，支持的研究證據不佳^[3] ^[4]。可能需要一年才會恢復^[2]。此情況相對常見，運動員中約 14% 受影響^[1]。較常發生於男性^[2]。於 1973 年首度提出「跳躍膝」一辭^[2]。

參考文獻

^ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 King, D; Yakubek, G; Chughtai, M; Khlopas, A; Saluan, P; Mont, MA; Genin, J. Quadriceps tendinopathy: a review-part 1: epidemiology and diagnosis.. Annals of Translational Medicine. February 2019, 7 (4): 71. PMC 6409230  . PMID 30963066. doi:10.21037/atm.2019.01.58.
^ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 ^2.14 ^2.15 Santana, JA; Sherman, Al. Jumpers Knee. StatPearls. January 2019. PMID 30422564.
^ Mendonça, LM; Leite, HR; Zwerver, J; Henschke, N; Branco, G; Oliveira, VC. How strong is the evidence that conservative treatment reduces pain and improves function in individuals with patellar tendinopathy? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials including GRADE recommendations.. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 6 June 2019, 54 (2): bjsports–2018–099747. PMID 31171514. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099747.
^ Saithna, Adnan; Gogna, Rajiv; Baraza, Njalalle; Modi, Chetan; Spencer, Simon. Eccentric Exercise Protocols for Patella Tendinopathy: Should we Really be Withdrawing Athletes from Sport? A Systematic Review. The Open Orthopaedics Journal. 2012-11-30, 6 (1): 553–557. ISSN 1874-3250. PMC 3522085  . PMID 23248727. doi:10.2174/1874325001206010553.

[King2019-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 King, D; Yakubek, G; Chughtai, M; Khlopas, A; Saluan, P; Mont, MA; Genin, J. Quadriceps tendinopathy: a review-part 1: epidemiology and diagnosis.. Annals of Translational Medicine. February 2019, 7 (4): 71. PMC 6409230  . PMID 30963066. doi:10.21037/atm.2019.01.58.

[Stat2019-2] 2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 ^2.14 ^2.15 Santana, JA; Sherman, Al. Jumpers Knee. StatPearls. January 2019. PMID 30422564.

[Med2019-3] Mendonça, LM; Leite, HR; Zwerver, J; Henschke, N; Branco, G; Oliveira, VC. How strong is the evidence that conservative treatment reduces pain and improves function in individuals with patellar tendinopathy? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials including GRADE recommendations.. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 6 June 2019, 54 (2): bjsports–2018–099747. PMID 31171514. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099747.

[4] Saithna, Adnan; Gogna, Rajiv; Baraza, Njalalle; Modi, Chetan; Spencer, Simon. Eccentric Exercise Protocols for Patella Tendinopathy: Should we Really be Withdrawing Athletes from Sport? A Systematic Review. The Open Orthopaedics Journal. 2012-11-30, 6 (1): 553–557. ISSN 1874-3250. PMC 3522085  . PMID 23248727. doi:10.2174/1874325001206010553.

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