瑪格納夫拉宮

瑪格納夫拉宮（希臘語：Μαγναύρα，可能來源於拉丁語的「Magna Aula」，意為「大廳堂」^[1]）是君士坦丁堡的一座大型建築，毗鄰大皇宮^[2]，位於奧古斯塔廣場以東，臨近聖索菲亞教堂且緊挨着銅門（英語：Chalke）^[3]。其經常被學者們等同於元老院駐地^[4]。

部分學者稱瑪格納夫拉宮建於425年，皇帝塞奧多西二世在位時期^[5]，然而這遭到了其他學者的質疑，因為這一結論是將君士坦丁堡大學和宮廷學校「ekpaideutērion」混淆而得出的，後者是瑪格納夫拉宮中的一座哲學學校，9世紀中期由「凱撒」巴爾達斯建立^[6]^[7]。

瑪格納夫拉宮的位置和建築特徵似乎與普羅科匹厄斯描述中提及的拜占庭元老院能夠對應^[3]。約682年，瑪格納夫拉宮重建^[3]。此後，這裏時常被皇帝用作接待外國使節的朝堂，而建筑西側的庭院，被用作皇帝發佈公開演講或是召集公共聚會的場所^[3]^[8]。此外，每年一度大齋期開始時的示默儀式（「silention」）在此舉行，皇室成員和官僚此時都會聚集在瑪格納夫拉宮的大台階上^[8]。

普羅柯比在描述該區域時，提到一座巨大的大理石大門通往一座柱廊庭院，該庭院坐落於瑪格納夫拉宮前^[4]。瑪格納夫拉宮的建築樣式遵循巴西利卡形制，兩側廊台以側廊支撐，東邊末端有多個半圓形殿堂^[3]。屋內最引人矚目的是所謂的所羅門寶座（英語：Throne of Solomon），位於中殿，據說周圍以自動機關環繞，其形象包括樹木、歌唱的鳥兒、咆哮的獅子，來使訪客們既畏懼又欣喜^[3]^[4]^[9]。學者將瑪格納夫拉宮描述為拜占庭帝國對普世之中所有事物之皇權的物質投射^[10]。

參考資料

^ OΙ ΜΕΛΩΔΟΙ ΚΑΙ ΥΜΝΟΓΡΑΦΟΙ ΤΗΣ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣ （footnote 115）. [2020-11-24]. （原始內容存檔於2011-07-16）（希臘語）.
^ Rosser, John Hutchins. Historical Dictionary of Byzantium, Second Edition. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. 2012: 303. ISBN 9780810875678.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 Mango, Cyril. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1991.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Prokopios, De Aedeficiis
^ Bury, John. The Cambridge Medieval History, Volume IV: The Eastern Roman Empire (717-1453). New York: The Macmillan Company. 1923: 764.
^ Treadgold, Warren. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. 1997: 447.
^ Lemerle, Paul. Byzantine Humanism: The First Phase - Notes and Remarks on Education and Culture in Byzantium from Its Origin to the 10th Century. Sydney: Brill/Byzantina Australiensia. 2017.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Featherstone, Michael; Spieser, Jean-Michel; Tanman, Gülru; Wulf-Rheidt, Ulrike. The Emperor's House: Palaces from Augustus to the Age of Absolutism. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 2015: 171. ISBN 9783110331639.
^ Brett, Gerard. The Automata in the Byzantine 'Throne of Solomon'. Speculum. 1954, 29 (3): 477–97. JSTOR 2846790. S2CID 163031682. doi:10.2307/2846790.
^ Dohrmann, Natalie B.; Reed, Annette Yoshiko. Jews, Christians, and the Roman Empire: The Poetics of Power in Late Antiquity. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. 2013: 173. ISBN 9780812245332.

外部連結

Byzantium 1200 | 瑪格納夫拉宮大門（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Byzantium 1200 | 瑪格納夫拉宮（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

[1] OΙ ΜΕΛΩΔΟΙ ΚΑΙ ΥΜΝΟΓΡΑΦΟΙ ΤΗΣ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣ （footnote 115）. [2020-11-24]. （原始內容存檔於2011-07-16）（希臘語）.

[2] Rosser, John Hutchins. Historical Dictionary of Byzantium, Second Edition. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. 2012: 303. ISBN 9780810875678.

[:1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 Mango, Cyril. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1991.

[:2-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Prokopios, De Aedeficiis

[5] Bury, John. The Cambridge Medieval History, Volume IV: The Eastern Roman Empire (717-1453). New York: The Macmillan Company. 1923: 764.

[6] Treadgold, Warren. A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. 1997: 447.

[7] Lemerle, Paul. Byzantine Humanism: The First Phase - Notes and Remarks on Education and Culture in Byzantium from Its Origin to the 10th Century. Sydney: Brill/Byzantina Australiensia. 2017.

[:0-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Featherstone, Michael; Spieser, Jean-Michel; Tanman, Gülru; Wulf-Rheidt, Ulrike. The Emperor's House: Palaces from Augustus to the Age of Absolutism. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 2015: 171. ISBN 9783110331639.

[9] Brett, Gerard. The Automata in the Byzantine 'Throne of Solomon'. Speculum. 1954, 29 (3): 477–97. JSTOR 2846790. S2CID 163031682. doi:10.2307/2846790.

[10] Dohrmann, Natalie B.; Reed, Annette Yoshiko. Jews, Christians, and the Roman Empire: The Poetics of Power in Late Antiquity. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. 2013: 173. ISBN 9780812245332.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]