變質說
變質說(論)、化質說(拉丁語:transsubstantiatio;希臘語:μετουσίωσις ),有時又被新教或一些宗教學研究者稱為「聖餐變體論」,為天主教核心教義之一,也是天主教與大部分新教的主要分歧之一[1]。化質論認為麵包和葡萄酒可以通過聖餐禮轉化為基督的聖體與寶血[2]。它在1215年的第四次拉特朗公會議上正式得到確認[3][4],但後世又遭到約翰·威克里夫等改革家的挑戰[5]。
參考文獻
編輯- ^ Fay, William. The Real Presence of Jesus Christ in the Sacrament of the Eucharist: Basic Questions and Answers. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. 2001 [13 December 2015]. (原始內容存檔於2020-07-28).
the Catholic Church professes that, in the celebration of the Eucharist, bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ through the power of the Holy Ghost and the instrumentality of the priest.
- ^ Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church. www.vatican.va. [2021-03-16]. (原始內容存檔於2021-01-22).
- ^ Internet History Sourcebooks Project. sourcebooks.fordham.edu. [2021-03-16]. (原始內容存檔於2020-09-28).
- ^ Lateran Council | Roman Catholicism. Encyclopedia Britannica. [2021-03-16]. (原始內容存檔於2019-05-22).
- ^ Hillebrand, Hans J. (編). Transubstantiation. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation. Oxford University Press. 2005 [2017-05-30]. ISBN 978-0-19-506493-3. (原始內容存檔於2021-02-25).
外部連結
編輯- "Transubstantiation" in Catholic Encyclopedia (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Pope Paul VI: Encyclical Mysterium fidei (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Pope Paul VI: Credo of the People of God (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Eastern Orthodox Church statements on transubstantiation/metousiosis (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- The Antiquity of the Doctrine of Transubstantiation (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)