維基百科

通用表意文字

提示：此條目頁的主題不是通用語言。

通用表意文字（拉丁語術語為characteristica universalis；英語當中常解釋為 universal characteristic 或 universal character；中文之中又常常稱為普遍表意文字、普遍語言、通用語言、普適語言以及普適科學語言等），是德國哲學家戈特弗里德·萊布尼茨所設想的一種通用的形式化語言；該語言能夠表達數學、科學以及形而上學（純粹哲學）方面的概念。萊布尼茨希望創建的是一種可以在通用邏輯運算或者說推理演算（英語：Calculus ratiocinator）框架之下加以使用的語言。

參考文獻

編輯

On Leibniz's lifelong interest in the characteristica and the like, see the following texts in Loemker (1969): 165–66, 192–95, 221–28, 248–50, and 654–66. On the characteristica, see Rutherford (1995) and the still-classic discussion in Couturat (1901: chpts. 3,4). Also relevant to the characteristica is Mates's (1986: 183–88) discussion of what he called the lingua philosophica.

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  • Rudolf Carnap, 1958. Introduction to Symbolic Logic with Applications. Dover.
  • —, 1967. The Logical Structure of the World: Pseudoproblems in Philosophy. University of California Press. Translation of his 1928 Der Logische Aufbau der Welt. Leipzig: Felix Meiner Verlag.
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  • Cohen, C. Jonathan., 1954, "On the project of a universal character," Mind (New Series) 63: 249.
  • Louis Couturat, 1901. La Logique de Leibniz. Paris: Felix Alcan. Donald Rutherford's English translation in progress.
  • Louis Couturat, O. Jespersen, R. Lorenz, Wilhelm Ostwald and L.Pfaundler 1910, International Language and Science: Considerations on the Introduction of an International Language into Science", Constable and Company Limited, London.
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  • Loemker, Leroy, ed. and trans., 1969. Leibniz: Philosophical Papers and Letters. Synthese Historical Library. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.
  • Mates, Benson, 1986. The Philosophy of Leibniz. Oxford Univ. Press.
  • Odum, E.C., Odum, H.T. and Peterson, N.S., 1995, "Using Simulation to Introduce the Systems Approach in Education" in Hall, C.S., ed., Maximum Power: The Ideas and Applications of H. T. Odum. Colorado Univ. Press: 346–52.
  • Parkinson, G. H. R., ed. and trans., 1966. Leibniz: Logical Papers. Oxford Univ. Press.
  • —, and Mary Morris, trans., 1973. Leibniz: Philosophical Writings. London: J M Dent.
  • Piper, R. F. 1957, "Review of 'Unified Symbolism for World Understanding in Science' by Oliver L. Reiser," Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 17: 432–33.
  • Reiser, Oliver Leslie 1946. A philosophy for world unification;: Scientific humanismas an ideology for cultural integration, Haldeman-Julius Publications.
  • —, 1940. The Promise of Scientific Humanism Toward a Unification of Scientific, Religious, Social and Economic Thought, Oskar Piest.
  • –, 1955. Unified symbolism for world understanding in science: Including Bliss symbols (semantography) and logic, cybernetics and semantics, Semantography Pub. Co.
  • Nicholas Rescher, 1954, "Review of On the Project of a Universal Character by Jonathan Cohen," Journal of Symbolic Logic 19: 133.
  • Hartley Rogers, Jr., 1963, "An Example in Mathematical Logic," The American Mathematical Monthly 70: 929–45.
  • Rutherford, Donald, 1995, "Philosophy and language" in Jolley, N., ed., The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz. Cambridge Univ. Press.
  • Patrick Suppes, 1999 (1957). Introduction to Logic. Dover.
  • Jean van Heijenoort, 1967, "Logic as calculus and logic as language," Synthese 17: 324–330. Reprinted in Hintikka (1997).
  • Wiener, Philip P., 1940, "Leibniz's Project of a Public Exhibition of Scientific Inventions," Journal of the History of Ideas 1: 232–240.
  • Woodger, Joseph H., 1937, The axiomatic method in biology, Cambridge University Press.
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