魟科
軟骨魚的一科
魟科(學名:Dasyatidae、英語:Stingrays),又名土魟科,是軟骨魚綱燕魟目的一科。身長範圍大約在 0.18至2.6米(0.59至8.53英尺) 之間。
魟科![]() 化石時期:
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藍斑條尾魟(Taeniura lymma) | |
科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
綱: | 軟骨魚綱 Chondrichthyes |
目: | 鱝目 Myliobatiformes |
亞目: | 鱝亞目 Myliobatoidei |
科: | 魟科 Dasyatidae Jordan, 1888 |
屬 | |
見內文 | |
異名 | |
Trygonidae |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Stingray_2016-9.jpg/220px-Stingray_2016-9.jpg)
分佈
編輯深度
編輯水深3至200公尺以上。
分類
編輯魟科下分12個屬,如下:
Brevitrygon 屬
編輯- Brevitrygon heterura (Bleeker, 1852)
- Brevitrygon imbricata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
- Brevitrygon javaensis (Last & White, 2013)
- Brevitrygon manjajiae Last, Weigmann & Naylor, 2024[4]
- Brevitrygon walga (Müller & Henle, 1841)
- 蘋果魟 Disceus aiereba
- Neotrygon bobwardi Borsa, Arlyza, Hoareau & Shen, 2017[5]
- Neotrygon caeruleopunctata Last, White & Serét, 2016[6]
- Neotrygon indica Pavan-Kumar, Kumar & Borsa, 2017[7]
- 古氏土魟 Neotrygon kuhlii (Müller & Henle, 1841):又稱古氏魟。[6]
- Neotrygon malaccensis Borsa, Arlyza, Hoareau & Shen, 2017[5]
- Neotrygon moluccensis Borsa, Arlyza, Hoareau & Shen, 2017[5]
- Neotrygon ningalooensis Last, White & Puckridge, 2010[8]
- Neotrygon orientale Last, White & Serét, 2016[6]
- 似新魟 Neotrygon trigonoidae
- Neotrygon vali Borsa, 2017[9]
- Neotrygon westpapuensis Borsa, Arlyza, Hoareau & Shen, 2017[5]
- 巴西副江魟 Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Henle, 1841)
- Paratrygon orinocensis Loboda, Lasso, Rosa & Carvalho, 2021
- Paratrygon parvaspina Loboda, Lasso, Rosa & Carvalho, 2021
- 褶尾蘿蔔魟 Pastinachus sephen (Forsskål, 1775)
- 近江魟 Plesiotrygon iwamae Rosa, Castello & Thorson, 1987
- 矮身近江魟 Plesiotrygon nana Carvalho & Ragno, 2011[10]
- 紫魟 Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832)
- 綠豆魟 Potamotrygon castex
- 泰魯魟 Potamotrygon castexi var
- 卡氏江魟 Potamotrygon falkneri
- 金點魟 Potamotrygon henlei
- 龜甲魟 potamotrygon humerosa
- 黑白魟 Potamotrygon leopoldi
- 帝王魟 Potamotrygon menchacai
- 珍珠魟 Potamotrygon motoro
- 迷你魟 Potamotrygon reticulata
- Urogymnus acanthobothrium Last, White, Kyne, 2016[11]
- 糙沙粒魟 Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
- 德利窄尾魟 Urogymnus dalyensis (Last & Manjaji-Matsumoto, 2008)
- Urogymnus granulatus (Macleay, 1883)
- Urogymnus lobistoma (Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2006)
- 南非沙粒魟 Urogymnus natalensis
- 多鱗沙粒魟 Urogymnus polylepis (Bleeker, 1852):又稱黃貂魚、查菲窄尾魟。
特徵
編輯魟科魚和鰩科魚不同的地方是腰帶中軸軟骨是彎的,因此體盤中間圓滑的鼓起,不像鰩科魚中間有一明顯的鼓棱。魟科魚體盤寬小於體盤的長,尾細長,較體常之左右徑為長。尾部上方具有毒強棘1枚,平扁,有向下之鋸齒。口底乳突長短不一。魟魚尾部的刺有劇毒,一旦被刺傷會有強烈的疼痛,如果患者拖太久沒送醫急救可能會危及生命,在海邊逗魟魚玩不慎被刺傷的話要馬上泡熱水防止毒性導致心臟衰竭,並且趕緊就醫觀察6小時。[來源請求]
生態
編輯本科魚類廣泛分佈於全球各大洋及河流,有些具有地域性;大部分為海水魚,有時見於河口,一部分則生活於南美洲、非洲及東南亞淡水水域。活動力差,通常將身體埋於沙泥中,僅露出雙眼和呼吸孔,或利用胸鰭做波浪狀的運動而貼游於底層水域。屬肉食性,以小魚、甲殼類及軟體動物為食;卵胎生。
經濟利用
編輯食用魚,但味道較腥,以紅燒為宜,或當作下雜魚處理;魚皮可製成各種皮帶、皮包等用品。
參考文獻
編輯- ^ M Puckridge, PR Last, WT White and N Andreakis (2012) Phylogeography of the Indo-West Pacific maskrays (Dasyatidae, Neotrygon): a complex example of chondrichthyan radiation in the Cenozoic. Ecology and Evolution. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.448.
- ^ 李思忠,《黃河魚類志:黃河魚類專著及魚類學文選》 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館),水產出版社,2015年,ISBN 9789578596771;中國海洋大學出版社,2017年,ISBN 9787567015371。
- ^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2006). Urogymnus dalyensis. FishBase. Version 2006-04.
- ^ Peter R. Last, Simon Weigmann and Gavin J. P. Naylor. 2024. The Indo-Pacific Stingray Genus Brevitrygon (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae): Clarification of Historical Names and Description of a New Species, B. manjajiae sp. nov., from the Western Indian Ocean. Diversity. 15(12), 1213. DOI: 10.3390/d15121213
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Philippe Borsa, Irma S. Arlyza, Thierry B. Hoareau and Kang-Ning Shen. 2017. Diagnostic Description and Geographic Distribution of Four New Cryptic Species of the Blue-spotted Maskray Species Complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae; Neotrygon spp.) based on DNA Sequences. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. DOI: 10.1007/s00343-018-7056-2
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Peter R. Last, William T. White and Bernard Séret. 2016. Taxonomic Status of Maskrays of the Neotrygon kuhlii species complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) with the Description of Three New species from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa. 4083(4); 533-561. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4083.4.5
- ^ Annam Pavan-Kumar, Rajan Kumar and Philippe Borsa. 2017. Neotrygon indica sp. nov., the Indian-Ocean Blue-spotted Maskray (Myliobatoidei, Dasyatidae). bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/179911
- ^ Peter R. Last, William T. White and Melody Puckridge. 2010. Neotrygon ningalooensis n. sp. (Myliobatoidei, Dasyatidae), A New Maskray from Australia. aqua: International Journal of Ichthyology. 16(2): 37–50.
- ^ Philippe Borsa. 2017. Neotrygon vali (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae), A New Blue-spotted Maskray from the Solomon Archipelago Described from Its DNA Barcode. bioRxiv preprint. DOI: 10.1101/106682
- ^ Marcelo R. de Carvalho and Maíra Ragno. 2010. An Unusual, Dwarf New Species of Neotropical Freshwater Stingray, Plesiotrygon nana sp. nov., from the Upper and Mid Amazon Basin: The Second Species of Plesiotrygon (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo). 51(7):101-138. DOI: 10.1590/S0031-10492011000700001
- ^ Peter R Last, William T White, Peter M Kyne. 2016. Urogymnus acanthobothrium sp. nov., A New Euryhaline Whipray (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) from Australia and Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa. 4147(2); DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4147.2.4