鶴形總目(學名:Gruimorphae)[4]是一個鳥類演化支,透過分子分析,包括兩個目:鴴形目(鴴、鷸、鷗等等)和鶴形目(鶴和秧雞)。[5][3] 傳統上就有這個分類群,因為鴴形目下的一些科,例如:領鶉科(學名:Pedionomidae)和三趾鶉科(學名:Turnicidae)就曾被分類在鶴形目之下。[6][7][8]又因為在北美的始新世早期地質中,發現 Nahmavis這個屬,鶴形總目也有化石的依據。[9]

鶴形總目
化石時期:古新世[1] [2] - 全新世 60–0 Ma
根據時鐘顯示,這類鳥的起源可能更早。[3]
笛鴴 (Charadrius melodus)
西方秧雞 (Rallus aquaticus)
科學分類 編輯
界: 動物界 Animalia
門: 脊索動物門 Chordata
綱: 鳥綱 Aves
演化支 今顎類 Neognathae
演化支 新鳥類 Neoaves
演化支 雀類 Passerea
演化支 鶴類 Gruae
總目: 鶴形總目 Gruimorphae
Bonaparte, 1854
異名
  • 鴴形總目 Charadriimorphae
  • 鶴鴴類 Gruicharadriae

形成本分類群是因為解剖學和行為學上的特徵,在形態學的研究則進一步建議鶴形目可以是涉禽並系群,而秧雞科則和三趾鶉科親緣關係十分相近。[10][11]

依照 Kuhl, H. et al.(2020) 等人研究的分支圖如下[12]

鶴形總目 Gruimorphae

鶴形目 Gruiformes

鴴形目 Charadriimorphae


參考文獻

編輯
  1. ^ Mourer-Chaviré C. (1995) The Messelornithidae (Aves: Gruiformes) from the Paleogene of France. - Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 181: 95-105
  2. ^ Mayr, Gerald (2016). Avian evolution: the fossil record of birds and its paleobiological significance. Topics in Paleobiology. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 306. ISBN 978-1-119-02076-9.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Kuhl, H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S. T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life.. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2020, 38: 108–127. PMC 7783168 . PMID 32781465. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa191 . 
  4. ^ TiF Checklist: GRUAE I: Opisthocomiformes & Gruiformes. www.jboyd.net. [10 April 2018]. (原始內容存檔於2022-06-10). 
  5. ^ Jarvis, E.D.; et al. Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science. 2014, 346 (6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J. PMC 4405904 . PMID 25504713. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. 
  6. ^ Huxley T.H. On the classification of birds; and on the taxonomic value of the modifications of certain of the cranial bones observable in that class. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1867;1867:415–472.
  7. ^ Lowe P.R. An anatomical review of the 『waders』 (Telmatomorphæ), with special reference to the families, subfamilies, and genera within the suborders Limicolæ, Grui-Limicolæ and Lari-Limicolæ. Ibis. 1931b; 73: 712–771
  8. ^ Lowe P.R. On the relations of the Gruimorphæ to the Charadriimorphæ and Rallimorphæ, with special reference to the taxonomic position of Rostratulidæ, Jacanidæ, and Burhinidæ. Ibis. 1931a; 73: 491–534
  9. ^ Musser, G. & Clarke, J.A. An Exceptionally Preserved Specimen From the Green River Formation Elucidates Complex Phenotypic Evolution in Gruiformes and Charadriiformes. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2020, 8. doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.559929 . 
  10. ^ Livezey, B. C.; Zusi, R. L. Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2007, 149 (1): 1–95. PMC 2517308 . PMID 18784798. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x. 
  11. ^ Neognathia. www.helsinki.fi. [10 April 2018]. (原始內容存檔於2019-02-24). 
  12. ^ H Kuhl, C Frankl-Vilches, A Bakker, G Mayr, G Nikolaus, S T Boerno, S Klages, B Timmermann, M Gahr (2020) An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館). Molecular Biology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa191頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館