鶴形總目
鶴形總目（學名：Gruimorphae）[4]是一個鳥類演化支，透過分子分析，包括兩個目：鴴形目（鴴、鷸、鷗等等）和鶴形目（鶴和秧雞）。[5][3] 傳統上就有這個分類群，因為鴴形目下的一些科，例如：領鶉科（學名：Pedionomidae）和三趾鶉科（學名：Turnicidae）就曾被分類在鶴形目之下。[6][7][8]又因為在北美的始新世早期地質中，發現 Nahmavis這個屬，鶴形總目也有化石的依據。[9]
鶴形總目 | |
|---|---|
| |
| 笛鴴 (Charadrius melodus) | |
| |
| 西方秧雞 (Rallus aquaticus) | |
科學分類 
| |
| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
| 綱： | 鳥綱 Aves |
| 演化支： | 今顎類 Neognathae |
| 演化支： | 新鳥類 Neoaves |
| 演化支： | 雀類 Passerea |
| 演化支： | 鶴類 Gruae |
| 總目： | 鶴形總目 Gruimorphae Bonaparte, 1854 |
| 目 | |
| 異名 | |
| |
形成本分類群是因為解剖學和行為學上的特徵，在形態學的研究則進一步建議鶴形目可以是涉禽的並系群，而秧雞科則和三趾鶉科親緣關係十分相近。[10][11]
依照 Kuhl, H. et al.(2020) 等人研究的分支圖如下[12]：
| 鶴形總目 Gruimorphae |
| ||||||
參考文獻
編輯- ^ Mourer-Chaviré C. (1995) The Messelornithidae (Aves: Gruiformes) from the Paleogene of France. - Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 181: 95-105
- ^ Mayr, Gerald (2016). Avian evolution: the fossil record of birds and its paleobiological significance. Topics in Paleobiology. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 306. ISBN 978-1-119-02076-9.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Kuhl, H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S. T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life.. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2020, 38: 108–127. PMC 7783168
. PMID 32781465. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa191 .
- ^ TiF Checklist: GRUAE I: Opisthocomiformes & Gruiformes. www.jboyd.net. [10 April 2018]. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-10）.
- ^ Jarvis, E.D.; et al. Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science. 2014, 346 (6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J. PMC 4405904 . PMID 25504713. doi:10.1126/science.1253451.
- ^ Huxley T.H. On the classification of birds; and on the taxonomic value of the modifications of certain of the cranial bones observable in that class. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1867;1867:415–472.
- ^ Lowe P.R. An anatomical review of the 『waders』 (Telmatomorphæ), with special reference to the families, subfamilies, and genera within the suborders Limicolæ, Grui-Limicolæ and Lari-Limicolæ. Ibis. 1931b; 73: 712–771
- ^ Lowe P.R. On the relations of the Gruimorphæ to the Charadriimorphæ and Rallimorphæ, with special reference to the taxonomic position of Rostratulidæ, Jacanidæ, and Burhinidæ. Ibis. 1931a; 73: 491–534
- ^ Musser, G. & Clarke, J.A. An Exceptionally Preserved Specimen From the Green River Formation Elucidates Complex Phenotypic Evolution in Gruiformes and Charadriiformes. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2020, 8. doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.559929 .
- ^ Livezey, B. C.; Zusi, R. L. Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2007, 149 (1): 1–95. PMC 2517308 . PMID 18784798. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x.
- ^ Neognathia. www.helsinki.fi. [10 April 2018]. （原始內容存檔於2019-02-24）.
- ^ H Kuhl, C Frankl-Vilches, A Bakker, G Mayr, G Nikolaus, S T Boerno, S Klages, B Timmermann, M Gahr (2020) An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Molecular Biology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa191 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
