S層

S層（S-layer, surface layer）是存在於幾乎所有古菌和許多類型的細菌細胞包被（英語：cell envelope）的一部分^[1]^[2]。S層由糖蛋白或蛋白質鋪成的單分子層（英語：Monolayer）組成。S層通過分子的自組裝形成，會覆蓋整個細胞表面。因此，S層的蛋白數目可以達到一個細胞蛋白質總數的10%-15%^[3]^[4]^[5]。S層蛋白在進化上保守性非常低，甚至可以用來分辨親緣關係近的物種。隨物種不同，S層的厚度可從5到25納米不等，且擁有直徑從2納米到8納米不等的孔道^[6]。

"S層"一詞於1976年首次使用。^[7] 1984 年，「第一屆國際結晶細菌細胞表面層研討會，維也納（奧地利）」接受了普遍使用，並於1987 年在歐洲分子生物學組織「結晶細菌細胞表面層研討會」上定義了"S層"。^[8]有關"S層"研究歷史的簡要總結，請參閱「參考文獻」。^[2]^[9]

參見

參考文獻

^ Albers SV, Meyer BH. The archaeal cell envelope. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2011, 9 (6): 414–426. PMID 21572458. S2CID 10297797. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2576.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Sleytr UB, Schuster B, Egelseer EM, Pum D. S-layers: Principles and Applications. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 2014, 38 (5): 823–864. PMC 4232325  . PMID 24483139. doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12063.
^ Messner P, Sleytr U. Crystalline bacterial cell-surface layers. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 1992, 33: 213–75. PMID 1636510. doi:10.1016/S0065-2911(08)60218-0.
^ Pum D, Messner P, Sleytr U. Role of the S layer in morphogenesis and cell division of the archaebacterium Methanocorpusculum sinense. J. Bacteriol. 1991, 173 (21): 6865–73. PMC 209039  . PMID 1938891.
^ Sleytr U, Messner P, Pum D, Sára M. Crystalline bacterial cell surface layers. Mol. Microbiol. 1993, 10 (5): 911–6. PMID 7934867. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00962.x.
^ Sleytr U, Bayley H, Sára M, Breitwieser A, Küpcü S, Mader C, Weigert S, Unger F, Messner P, Jahn-Schmid B, Schuster B, Pum D, Douglas K, Clark N, Moore J, Winningham T, Levy S, Frithsen I, Pankovc J, Beale P, Gillis H, Choutov D, Martin K. Applications of S-layers. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 1997, 20 (1–2): 151–75. PMID 9276930. doi:10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00044-2.
^ Sleytr UB. Self-assembly of the hexagonally and tetragonally arranged subunits of bacterial surface layers and their reattachment to cell walls. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 1976, 55 (3): 360–367. PMID 6800. doi:10.1016/S0022-5320(76)80093-7.
^ Sleytr UB, Messner P, Pum D, Sára M. Sleytr UB, Messner P, Pum D, Sára M , 編. Crystalline Bacterial Cell Surface Layers. Berlin: Springer. 1988. ISBN 978-3-540-19082-0. S2CID 20244135. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73537-0.
^ Sleytr UB. Curiosity and Passion for Science and Art. Series in Structural Biology 7. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. 2016. ISBN 978-981-3141-81-0. doi:10.1142/10084.

[Albers2011-1] Albers SV, Meyer BH. The archaeal cell envelope. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2011, 9 (6): 414–426. PMID 21572458. S2CID 10297797. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2576.

[Sleytr2014-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Sleytr UB, Schuster B, Egelseer EM, Pum D. S-layers: Principles and Applications. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 2014, 38 (5): 823–864. PMC 4232325  . PMID 24483139. doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12063.

[ref1-3] Messner P, Sleytr U. Crystalline bacterial cell-surface layers. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 1992, 33: 213–75. PMID 1636510. doi:10.1016/S0065-2911(08)60218-0.

[ref2-4] Pum D, Messner P, Sleytr U. Role of the S layer in morphogenesis and cell division of the archaebacterium Methanocorpusculum sinense. J. Bacteriol. 1991, 173 (21): 6865–73. PMC 209039  . PMID 1938891.

[ref3-5] Sleytr U, Messner P, Pum D, Sára M. Crystalline bacterial cell surface layers. Mol. Microbiol. 1993, 10 (5): 911–6. PMID 7934867. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00962.x.

[ref4-6] Sleytr U, Bayley H, Sára M, Breitwieser A, Küpcü S, Mader C, Weigert S, Unger F, Messner P, Jahn-Schmid B, Schuster B, Pum D, Douglas K, Clark N, Moore J, Winningham T, Levy S, Frithsen I, Pankovc J, Beale P, Gillis H, Choutov D, Martin K. Applications of S-layers. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 1997, 20 (1–2): 151–75. PMID 9276930. doi:10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00044-2.

[Sleytr1976-7] Sleytr UB. Self-assembly of the hexagonally and tetragonally arranged subunits of bacterial surface layers and their reattachment to cell walls. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 1976, 55 (3): 360–367. PMID 6800. doi:10.1016/S0022-5320(76)80093-7.

[Sleytr1988-8] Sleytr UB, Messner P, Pum D, Sára M. Sleytr UB, Messner P, Pum D, Sára M , 編. Crystalline Bacterial Cell Surface Layers. Berlin: Springer. 1988. ISBN 978-3-540-19082-0. S2CID 20244135. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73537-0.

[Sleytr2016-9] Sleytr UB. Curiosity and Passion for Science and Art. Series in Structural Biology 7. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. 2016. ISBN 978-981-3141-81-0. doi:10.1142/10084.

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