室周器(英語:Circumventricular organs,簡稱:CVOs)是大腦內部一組具有豐富血管但缺乏完整血腦屏障的結構。[1] 中樞神經系統通過室周器與外周血液聯繫,同時室周器也是參與神經內分泌功能的重要組成部分[2]。室周器不完整的血腦屏障組織結構允許肽類激素等分子在神經組織與血液之間進行交換,但仍可阻止毒素入腦。[3][4]室周器按功能可分為兩類:感受型和分泌型。感受型室周器包括後緣區穹窿下器以及終板血管器。這些結構能夠感受血漿中的分子並將信息傳遞至大腦其他區域,直接參與自主神經系統循環系統的調控。[1][5]分泌型室周器包括連合下器垂體後葉(也被稱作神經垂體)、松果體正中隆突以及一些動物的垂體中間葉。這些結構在大腦應對內外刺激的反饋調節中負責將激素和糖蛋白等分泌入血液。[2]

科學研究已經發現室周器參與體液調節心血管功能、免疫反應渴覺進食以及生殖功能的調控。[2]

參考資料

編輯
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Fry Mark, Ferguson Alastair V., (2007) The sensory circumventricular organs: Brain targets for circulating signals controlling ingestive behavior, Physiology & Behavior, Volume 91, Issue 4, 24 July 2007, Pages 413-423, ISSN 0031-9384, 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.04.003. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938407001308頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)>.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Cottrell, G. T., & Ferguson, A. V. (2004). Sensory circumventricular organs: Central roles in integrated autonomic regulation. Regulatory Peptides, 117(1), 11-23. doi: 10.1016/j.regpep.2003.09.004.
  3. ^ Rodríguez, Esteban M., Blázquez, Juan L., Guerra, Montserrat. 「The design of barriers in the hypothalamus allows the median eminence and the arcuate nucleus to enjoy private milieus: The former opens to the portal blood and the latter to the cerebrospinal fluid.」 Peptides, 31.4 (2010): Pages 757-76, April 2010. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196978110000239頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)>.
  4. ^ Morita, S., Miyata, S. (2012), Different vascular permeability between the sensory and secretory circumventricular organs of adult mouse brain. Cell and Tissue Research, 349 (2): 589-603. doi: 10.1007/s00441-012-1421-9.
  5. ^ Ferguson, A. V., & Bains, J. S. (1996). Electrophysiology of the circumventricular organs. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 17(4), 440-475. doi: 10.1006/frne.1996.0012.