改良加藤厚塗片法

改良加藤厚塗片法，也叫加藤法（Kato technique）或加藤-卡茨法（Kato–Katz technique），是一種製備人類糞便樣本的實驗室方法，以用來尋找寄生蟲卵。

適應症

該技術現在最常用於檢測血吸蟲卵。^[1]它過去也被用於其他寄生蟲卵。它不能用於鑑定鈎蟲卵，因為使用這種方法製備後30至60分鐘內它們會崩潰。一項針對299名感染曼氏血吸蟲的受試者的研究發現，該方法的可重複性很差，因此不再推薦用於初級衛生保健機構：^[2]問題可能是曼氏血吸蟲的卵往往會聚集在一起，這意味着即使是從同一標本製備的載玻片也可能包含截然不同的卵數。^[3]反對該技術的另一個主要論點是它很混亂，因此使技術人員面臨不必要的高感染風險。

方法

已公佈的方法在細節上有所不同，但通常涉及在光學顯微鏡下檢查標準數量的篩分糞便，然後根據每克卵的數量對其中的卵數量進行標準化計數。^[1]^[4]它可能涉及對糞便樣本進行染色。^[1]

歷史

它由日本醫學實驗室科學家加藤博士（Kato Katsuya，1912-1991）於1954年開發。^[5]^[6]1972年，由巴西寄生蟲學家納夫塔利·卡茨（Naftale Katz，1940年生）領導的巴西研究小組對該技術進行了修改，^[7]^[8]以便在實地研究中使用，並且該修改被世界衛生組織採納為多種蠕蟲感染的黃金標準。^[8]

參見

每克糞便中蟲卵數

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Cheesbrough M. Parasitological Tests. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1998: 220–221. ISBN 978-0-521-66547-6.
^ Kongs A, Marks G, Verlé P, Van der Stuyft P. The unreliability of the Kato=Katz method for evaluating S. mansoni infection. Trop Med Int Health. 2001, 6 (3): 163–69. PMID 11299032. S2CID 20816779. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00687.x  .
^ Engels D, Sinzinkayo E, De Vlas SJ, Gryseels B. Intraspecimen fecal egg count variation in Schistosoma mansoni infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997, 57 (5): 571–7. PMID 9392598. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1997.57.571.
^ Turner, Hugo C.; Bettis, Alison A.; Dunn, Julia C.; Whitton, Jane M.; Hollingsworth, T. Déirdre; Fleming, Fiona M.; Anderson, Roy M. Economic Considerations for Moving beyond the Kato-Katz Technique for Diagnosing Intestinal Parasites As We Move Towards Elimination. Trends in Parasitology. 2017, 33 (6): 435–443. ISSN 1471-4922. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2017.01.007  .
^ Neves Santos, Fred Luciano; Lima Cerqueira, Elúzio José; Matos Soares, Neci. Comparison of the thick smear and Kato-Katz techniques for diagnosis of intestinal helminth infections. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. 2005, 38 (2): 196–198. ISSN 1678-9849. PMID 15821801. doi:10.1590/S0037-86822005000200016  .
^ J. Richardson, Dennis; Gross, Jeanette; Smith, Michael C. Comparison of Kato–Katz Direct Smear and Sodium Nitrate Flotation for Detection of Geohelminth Infections. Comparative Parasitology. July 2008, 75 (2): 339–341. S2CID 72451405. doi:10.1654/4340.1.
^ Katz, N.; Chaves, A.; Pellegrino, J. A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in Schistosomiasis mansoni. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo. November 1972, 14 (6): 397–400. ISSN 0036-4665. PMID 4675644.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Santos, Fred Luciano Neves; Cerqueira, Elúzio José Lima; Soares, Neci Matos. Comparison of the thick smear and Kato-Katz techniques for diagnosis of intestinal helminth infections. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. March 2005, 38 (2): 196–198. ISSN 0037-8682. PMID 15821801. doi:10.1590/S0037-86822005000200016  .

延申閱讀

Glinz, D.; Silué, K.D.; Knopp, S.; Lohourignon, L.K.; Yao, K.P.; et al. Comparing Diagnostic Accuracy of Kato-Katz, Koga Agar Plate, Ether-Concentration, and FLOTAC for Schistosoma mansoni and Soil-Transmitted Helminths. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2010, 4 (7): e754. PMC 2907416  . PMID 20651931. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000754  .

[Cheesbrough1998-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Cheesbrough M. Parasitological Tests. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1998: 220–221. ISBN 978-0-521-66547-6.

[2] Kongs A, Marks G, Verlé P, Van der Stuyft P. The unreliability of the Kato=Katz method for evaluating S. mansoni infection. Trop Med Int Health. 2001, 6 (3): 163–69. PMID 11299032. S2CID 20816779. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00687.x  .

[3] Engels D, Sinzinkayo E, De Vlas SJ, Gryseels B. Intraspecimen fecal egg count variation in Schistosoma mansoni infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997, 57 (5): 571–7. PMID 9392598. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1997.57.571.

[TurnerBettis2017-4] Turner, Hugo C.; Bettis, Alison A.; Dunn, Julia C.; Whitton, Jane M.; Hollingsworth, T. Déirdre; Fleming, Fiona M.; Anderson, Roy M. Economic Considerations for Moving beyond the Kato-Katz Technique for Diagnosing Intestinal Parasites As We Move Towards Elimination. Trends in Parasitology. 2017, 33 (6): 435–443. ISSN 1471-4922. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2017.01.007  .

[5] Neves Santos, Fred Luciano; Lima Cerqueira, Elúzio José; Matos Soares, Neci. Comparison of the thick smear and Kato-Katz techniques for diagnosis of intestinal helminth infections. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. 2005, 38 (2): 196–198. ISSN 1678-9849. PMID 15821801. doi:10.1590/S0037-86822005000200016  .

[6] J. Richardson, Dennis; Gross, Jeanette; Smith, Michael C. Comparison of Kato–Katz Direct Smear and Sodium Nitrate Flotation for Detection of Geohelminth Infections. Comparative Parasitology. July 2008, 75 (2): 339–341. S2CID 72451405. doi:10.1654/4340.1.

[7] Katz, N.; Chaves, A.; Pellegrino, J. A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in Schistosomiasis mansoni. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo. November 1972, 14 (6): 397–400. ISSN 0036-4665. PMID 4675644.

[Santos_196–198-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Santos, Fred Luciano Neves; Cerqueira, Elúzio José Lima; Soares, Neci Matos. Comparison of the thick smear and Kato-Katz techniques for diagnosis of intestinal helminth infections. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. March 2005, 38 (2): 196–198. ISSN 0037-8682. PMID 15821801. doi:10.1590/S0037-86822005000200016  .

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