木拉克酵母屬

木拉克酵母屬
	耐冷海洋嗜殺酵母的冬孢子
科學分類
界：	真菌界 Fungi
門：	擔子菌門 Basidiomycota
綱：	銀耳綱 Tremellomycetes
目：	囊絲擔子菌目 Cystofilobasidiales
科：	木拉克酵母科 Mrakiaceae
屬：	木拉克酵母屬 Mrakia; Y. Yamada & Komag. (1987)
模式種
	耐冷海洋嗜殺酵母（英語：Mrakia frigida） M. frigida; (Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter & Phaff) Y. Yamada & Komag. (1987)
物種
	詳見內文;
異名
	Mrakiella Margesin & Fell (2008);

木拉克酵母屬（學名：Mrakia）是擔子菌門銀耳綱囊絲擔子菌目（英語：Cystofilobasidiales）木拉克酵母科（英語：Mrakiaceae）的一個屬^[1]，本屬物種為酵母菌，其中有些可形成菌絲和能長出擔子的冬孢子（英語：Teliospore）。木拉克酵母為嗜冷生物^[2]^[3]，可在低溫環境進行發酵，有用於釀酒^[4]與真菌修復的潛力^[5]。

本屬於1987年由日本真菌學家駒形和男等人發表，學名為紀念美國微生物學家埃米爾·木拉克^[6]。

下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

Mrakia amundsenii ^[7]
Mrakia aquatica (E.B.G. Jones & Slooff) Xin Zhan Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Mrakia arctica M. Tsuji 2018
Mrakia blollopis Thomas-Hall 2010
Mrakia cryoconiti (Margesin & Fell) Xin Zhan Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Mrakia fibulata A.M. Yurkov & B. Turchetti 2019
耐冷海洋嗜殺酵母 Mrakia frigida
Mrakia hoshinonis
Mrakia montana
Mrakia niccombsii
Mrakia panshiensis
Mrakia polaris ^[7]
Mrakia psychrophila
Mrakia robertii
土壤木拉克酵母 Mrakia soli
Mrakia stelviica
Mrakia terrae

參考文獻

^ Liu XZ, Wang QM, Göker M, Groenewald M, Kachalkin AV, Lumbsch HT, Millanes AM, Wedin M, Yurkov AM, Boekhout T, Bai FY. Towards an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes. Studies in Mycology. 2015, 81: 85–147. PMC 4777781  . doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2015.12.001  .
^ Thomas-Hall SR, Turchetti B, Buzzini P, Branda E, Boekhout T, Theelen B, Watson K. Cold-adapted yeasts from Antarctica and the Italian Alps - description of three novel species: Mrakia robertii sp. nov., Mrakia blollopis sp. nov. and Mrakiella niccombsii sp. nov.. Extremophiles. 2010, 14: 47–59. PMC 2797416  . PMID 19898737. doi:10.1007/s00792-009-0286-7.
^ Tsuji M, Tanabe Y, Vincent WF, Uchida M. Mrakia arctica sp. nov., a new psychrophilic yeast isolated from an ice island in the Canadian High Arctic. Mycoscience. 2018, 59 (1): 54–58. doi:10.1016/j.myc.2017.08.006.
^ Turchetti B, De Francesco G, Mugnai G, Sileoni V, Alfeo V, Buzzini P, Yurkov A, Marconi O. Species and temperature-dependent fermentative aptitudes of Mrakia genus for innovative brewing. Food Research International. 2023, 170. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113004  .
^ Tsuji M, Yokota Y, Kudoh S, Hoshino T. Comparative analysis of milk fat decomposition activity by Mrakia spp. isolated from Skarvsnes ice-free area, East Antarctica. Cryobiology. 2015, 70 (3): 293–296. PMID 25862934. doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.04.002.
^ Yamada Y, Komagata K. Mrakia gen. nov., a heterobasidiomycetous yeast genus for the Q8-equipped, self-sporulating organisms which produce a unicellular metabasidium, formerly classified in the genus Leucosporidium. J Gen Appl Microbiol. 1987, 33: 455–457 [2024-03-30]. （原始內容存檔於2024-04-14）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Mrakia polaris sp. nov. and Mrakia amundsenii sp. nov. (Mrakiaceae, Cystofilobasidiales), two novel psychrophilic yeast species isolated from Arctic habitats. Microbiology Society. [2024-06-09].

[Liu2015-1] Liu XZ, Wang QM, Göker M, Groenewald M, Kachalkin AV, Lumbsch HT, Millanes AM, Wedin M, Yurkov AM, Boekhout T, Bai FY. Towards an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes. Studies in Mycology. 2015, 81: 85–147. PMC 4777781  . doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2015.12.001  .

[THall2010-2] Thomas-Hall SR, Turchetti B, Buzzini P, Branda E, Boekhout T, Theelen B, Watson K. Cold-adapted yeasts from Antarctica and the Italian Alps - description of three novel species: Mrakia robertii sp. nov., Mrakia blollopis sp. nov. and Mrakiella niccombsii sp. nov.. Extremophiles. 2010, 14: 47–59. PMC 2797416  . PMID 19898737. doi:10.1007/s00792-009-0286-7.

[Tsuji2018-3] Tsuji M, Tanabe Y, Vincent WF, Uchida M. Mrakia arctica sp. nov., a new psychrophilic yeast isolated from an ice island in the Canadian High Arctic. Mycoscience. 2018, 59 (1): 54–58. doi:10.1016/j.myc.2017.08.006.

[Turchetti2023-4] Turchetti B, De Francesco G, Mugnai G, Sileoni V, Alfeo V, Buzzini P, Yurkov A, Marconi O. Species and temperature-dependent fermentative aptitudes of Mrakia genus for innovative brewing. Food Research International. 2023, 170. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113004  .

[Tsuji2015-5] Tsuji M, Yokota Y, Kudoh S, Hoshino T. Comparative analysis of milk fat decomposition activity by Mrakia spp. isolated from Skarvsnes ice-free area, East Antarctica. Cryobiology. 2015, 70 (3): 293–296. PMID 25862934. doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.04.002.

[Yamada1987-6] Yamada Y, Komagata K. Mrakia gen. nov., a heterobasidiomycetous yeast genus for the Q8-equipped, self-sporulating organisms which produce a unicellular metabasidium, formerly classified in the genus Leucosporidium. J Gen Appl Microbiol. 1987, 33: 455–457 [2024-03-30]. （原始內容存檔於2024-04-14）.

[Zhu-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Mrakia polaris sp. nov. and Mrakia amundsenii sp. nov. (Mrakiaceae, Cystofilobasidiales), two novel psychrophilic yeast species isolated from Arctic habitats. Microbiology Society. [2024-06-09].

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