樁菇屬

口蘑科的一属真菌

樁菇屬學名Paxillus,意為小型的木樁[2]),是牛肝菌目網褶菌科的一個。本屬物種生長在土讓或腐木上,有些物種具有蕈柄,有些則無。有別於典型牛肝菌目物種,網褶菌科的物種具有蕈褶,其中本屬的蕈褶常沿蕈柄向下延伸,且容易與蕈傘分離。蕈傘初長成時邊緣會稍微往內捲曲。孢子印顏色為黃棕色至橄欖黃色,擔孢子表面平滑[3]。本屬多數物種有毒而不可食用,其中模式種卷緣樁菇過去在中歐、東歐被認為是可食的,後來才發現其毒性足以致命[2]

網褶菌屬
卷緣樁菇
科學分類 編輯
界: 真菌界 Fungi
門: 擔子菌門 Basidiomycota
綱: 傘菌綱 Agaricomycetes
目: 牛肝菌目 Boletales
科: 網褶菌科 Paxillaceae
屬: 網褶菌屬 Paxillus
Fr. (1835)
模式種
卷緣樁菇 Paxillus involutus
(Batsch) Fr. (1838)
異名[1]

樁菇屬的物種常與樹木形成外菌根英語ectomycorrhiza,是最常被用來研究外菌根的模式生物之一,其中又以卷緣樁菇為大宗。卷緣樁菇與絨毛樁菇英語Paxillus rubicundulus基因組均已被完整定序[4]

物種

編輯

截至2018年10月,真菌資料庫Index Fungorum共記錄了本屬38種物種[5][6]

  • Paxillus albidulus
  • 亞馬遜樁菇 Paxillus amazonicus
  • Paxillus ammoniavirescens
  • 奧爾樁菇瑞典語Paxillus atraetopus Paxillus atraetopus
  • Paxillus brunneotomentosus
  • Paxillus chalybaeus
  • Paxillus coffeaceus
  • Paxillus defibulatus
  • Paxillus fasciculatus
  • Paxillus fechtneri
  • 絲樁菇 Paxillus filamentosus
  • Paxillus guttatus
  • Paxillus gymnopus
  • Paxillus hortensis
  • Paxillus ianthinophyllus
  • 卷緣樁菇 Paxillus involutus,卷邊樁菇
  • Paxillus ionipus
  • Paxillus leoninus
  • Paxillus maculatus
  • Paxillus minutesquamulosus
  • Paxillus obscurisporus
  • Paxillus ochraceus
  • 東方樁菇 Paxillus orientalis[7]
  • Paxillus pahangensis
  • Paxillus piperatus
  • Paxillus polychrous
  • 皺褶樁菇 Paxillus rhytidophyllus
  • Paxillus robiniae
  • 絨毛樁菇英語Paxillus rubicundulus Paxillus rubicundulus
  • Paxillus scleropus
  • Paxillus serbicus
  • Paxillus squamosus
  • Paxillus validus
  • Paxillus velenovskyi
  • Paxillusvernalis
  • 滇樁菇 Paxillus yunnanensis
  • Paxillus zerovae

參考資料

編輯
  1. ^ Paxillus Fr. 1835. MycoBank. International Mycological Association. [201-7-01]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Smith AH, Weber NS. The Mushroom Hunter's Field Guide. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 1980: 211. ISBN 978-0-472-85610-7. 
  3. ^ Alan Bessette, Arleen Rainis Bessette, David William Fischer. Mushrooms of Northeastern North America. Syracuse University Press. 1997: 219 [2018-10-21]. ISBN 0815603886. (原始內容存檔於2021-02-14). 
  4. ^ Jargeat P, Chaumeton JP, Navaud O, Vizzini A, Gryta H. The Paxillus involutus (Boletales, Paxillaceae) complex in Europe: Genetic diversity and morphological description of the new species Paxillus cuprinus, typification of P. involutus s.s., and synthesis of species boundaries 118 (1). Fungal Biology: 12-31. 2014. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.10.008. 
  5. ^ Kirk PM. Species Fungorum (version 26th May 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. [2015-05-23]. (原始內容存檔於2021-02-14). 
  6. ^ 譯名參考:中国生物多样性红色名录—大型真菌卷 (PDF). 中國科學院 生態環境部: 288. 2018-05 [2018-10-21]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-09-12). 
  7. ^ Matteo Gelardi, Alfredo Vizzini, Egon Horak, Enrico Ercole, Samuele Voyron, Gang Wu. Paxillus orientalis sPaxillus nov. (Paxillaceae, Boletales) from south-western China based on morphological and molecular data and proposal of the new subgenus Alnopaxillus 13 (2). Mycological Progress: 333-342. doi:10.1007/s11557-013-0919-1.