玉黍螺屬
滨螺科的一属软体动物
玉黍螺屬（學名：Littoraria），又名濱螺屬[2]，為玉黍螺科之下的一個屬，舊屬中腹足目，今已重新分類為玉黍螺目玉黍螺總科的成員[3]。
玉黍螺屬
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| The shell of this individual of Littoraria irrorata is covered with the lichen Pyrenocollema halodytes | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 綱： | 腹足綱 Gastropoda |
| 目： | 玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha |
| 科： | 玉黍螺科 Littorinidae |
| 亞科： | 玉黍螺亞科 Littorininae |
| 屬： | 玉黍螺屬 Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834[1] |
| 模式種 | |
| Littorina pulchra Sowerby, 1832 | |
本屬有超過50個物種，然而有廿多個品種現時認為其實只是變化多端的粗紋玉黍螺（Littorina scabra）的異名物種[4]。
本屬的物種大多數都在印度洋－西太平洋海域及東太平洋的熱帶海域生活，通常於當地的熱帶紅樹林的樹幹、樹身或地表根（托根）之上，高達潮脹位數米以上。這些海螺以在紅樹林生長的海藻、附生植物、菌類、矽藻和葉子的表面為食[5]。一般生活於較高位置的物種，其外殼也相對較薄，但色彩更豐富。
Littoraria aberrans是本屬唯一會發生囊內變態的卵胎生物種。
物種
編輯本屬常見的物種包括有：
- Littoraria aberrans Philippi, 1846
- Littoraria ahenea Reid, 1986
- 白色玉黍螺 Littoraria albicans Metcalfe, 1852
- Littoraria angulifera Lamarck, 1822 - mangrove periwinkle
- Littoraria angulifera hessei Boettger 1912
- 翻唇玉黍螺 Littoraria ardouiniana Heude, 1885
- 蔴花玉黍螺 Littoraria articulata Philippi, 1846
- Littoraria bengalensis Reid, 2001
- Littoraria carinifera Menke, 1830
- Littoraria cingulata Philippi, 1846
- Littoraria cingulifera Dunker, 1845
- 草莓玉黍螺 Littoraria coccinea (Gmelin, 1791)
- Littoraria conica Philippi, 1846
- Littoraria delicatula Nevill, 1885
- Littoraria filosa (G.B. Sowerby I, 1832)
- Littoraria fasciata Sowerby, 1832
- † Littoraria flammea Philippi, 1847
- Littoraria flava King & Broderip, 1832
- Littoraria flavaosa King & Broderip, 1832
- Littoraria ianthostoma Stuckey & D.G. Reid, 2002
- 居間玉黍螺 Littoraria intermedia Philippi, 1846
- Littoraria irrorata Say, 1822 - marsh periwinkle
- Littoraria kraussi Rosewater, 1970
- 芝麻玉黍螺 Littoraria lutea Philippi, 1847
- Littoraria luteola Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
- 毛里裘斯玉黍螺 Littoraria mauritiana Lamarck, 1822
- 黑口玉黍螺 Littoraria melanostoma Gray, 1839
- Littoraria miodelicatula Oyama, 1950
- Littoraria nebulosa Lamarck, 1822 - cloudy periwinkle
- Littoraria obesa Gmelin, 1791
- 多彩玉黍螺 Littoraria pallescens Philippi, 1846
- 菲力玉黍螺 Littoraria philippiana Reeve, 1857
- 細點玉黍螺 Littoraria pintado Wood, 1820
- Littoraria planaxis Philippi, 1846
- Littoraria punctata Philippi, 1846
- Littoraria rosewateri Reid, 1999
- 粗紋玉黍螺 Littoraria scabra Philippi, 1847
- 中華玉黍螺 Littoraria sinensis Philippi, 1847
- Littoraria Philippi, 1847
- Littoraria strigata Philippi, 1846
- Littoraria subvittata Reid, 1986
- Littoraria sulculosa Philippi, 1846
- Littoraria tessellata Philippi, 1847
- 波紋玉黍螺 Littoraria undulata Gray, 1839
- Littoraria varia Sowerby, 1832
- Littoraria variegata Souleyet, in Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852
- Littoraria vespacea Reid, 1986
- Littoraria zebra Donovan, 1825 - zebra periwinkle
下列物種被認為是其他物種的同種異名：
- Littoraria glabrata Philippi, 1846：是 Littoraria coccinea glabrata (Philippi, 1846)的同種異名。
參考文獻
編輯- ^ Griffith & Pidgeon (1834). In: Griffith's Cuvier, Anim. Kingd., Moll., etc.: 578.
- ^ 香港紅樹林的動物. 香港特別行政區漁農自然護理署. 2014-07-11 [2015-02-18]. （原始內容存檔於2015-04-02） （中文（繁體））.
- ^ Bouchet P, Reid DG, Martinez O, Vanden Berghe E. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O , 編. Littoraria Gray, 1833. MolluscaBase. 2011-08-29 [2018-05-30] –透過WoRMS.
- ^ Reid, David G. The littorinid molluscs of mangrove forests in the Indo-Pacific region. London: British Museum (Natural History). 1986 （英語）.
- ^ Christensen, J. T. Diet in Littoraria. Hydrobiologia. 1998, 378 (1/3): 235–236. doi:10.1023/A:1003226713667.
延伸閱讀
編輯- REID David G. New data on the taxonomy and distribution of the genus Littoraria Griffith and Pidgeon, 1834 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in Indo-West Pacific mangroveforests. The Nautilus. 2001, 115 (4): 115–139.
- REID, D G 1986. The Littorinid Molluscs of Mangrove Forests in the Indo-Pacific Region: the genus Littoraria. British Museum (Natural History), London. 228 pp.
- Reid D.G. The genus Littoraria. Veliger. 1999, 42: 21–53.
- Reid D.G. & Mak, Y-M. Indirect evidence for ecophenotypic plasticity in radular dentition of Littoraria species (Gastropoda: Littorinidae). Journal of Molluscan Studies. 1999, 65 (3): 355–370. doi:10.1093/mollus/65.3.355.
- Reid D.G. The phylogeny of Littoraria (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): an example of the practice and application of cladistic analysis. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication. 1999, 19: 283–322.
