隱孢子蟲屬

隱孢子蟲屬
	人類糞便中發現鼠隱孢子蟲（英語：Cryptosporidium muris）的卵囊
科學分類
域：	真核域 Eukaryota
演化支：	多貌生物 Diaphoretickes
演化支：	TSAR
演化支：	SAR 超類群 SAR
演化支：	囊泡蟲類 Alveolata
門：	頂複門 Apicomplexa
綱：	類錐體綱 Conoidasida
目：	真球蟲目 Eucoccidiorida
科：	隱孢子蟲科 Cryptosporidiidae
屬：	隱孢子蟲屬 Cryptosporidium; Tyzzer, 1907
異名
	Cryptocystidium Paperna, Landsberg & Ostrovska, 1986;

隱孢子蟲屬（學名：Cryptosporidium）是頂複門的一個屬，本屬部分物種可感染包括人類在內的許多脊椎動物，造成隱孢子蟲病，症狀包括腹瀉與咳嗽等^[1]。

感染

隱孢子蟲與瘧原蟲和弓形蟲皆為頂複門的寄生蟲，有別於後兩者，隱孢子蟲的生活史中不需中間宿主^[2]。隱孢子蟲病多為短期、急性的疾病，感染後隱孢子蟲可生存在人類的腸道長達五週，造成腹瀉等症狀^[1]。在體外隱孢子蟲以卵囊的形式存在，對環境的抗性很高，進入人體後即可感染小腸上皮組織。造成人類隱孢子蟲病的物種大多是小隱孢子蟲與人隱胞子蟲（英語：Cryptosporidium hominis）兩種，不過犬隱孢子蟲（C. canis）、貓隱孢子蟲（C. felis）、火雞隱胞子蟲（C. meleagridis）與鼠隱孢子蟲（英語：Cryptosporidium muris）也可能感染人類^[2]。免疫缺陷者被感染的症狀一般較嚴重，但免疫正常者也可能被感染^[2]。

基因組

2004年，小隱孢子蟲的基因組被完整定序，發現其線粒體中不含有DNA^[3]。

下屬物種

本屬包括以下物種：

Cryptosporidium andersoni Lindsay, Upton, Owens, Morgan, Mead & Blagburn, 2000
Cryptosporidium baileyi Current, Upton & Haynes, 1986
Cryptosporidium bovis Barker & Carbonell, 1974
Cryptosporidium canis Fayer, Trout, Xiao, Morgan, Lal & Dubey, 2001
Cryptosporidium cichlidis (Paperna & Vilenkin, 1996)
Cryptosporidium cuniculus Inman & Takeuchi, 1979
Cryptosporidium felis Iseki, 1979
Cryptosporidium galli Pavlásek, 1999
Cryptosporidium hominis Morgan-Ryan, Fall, Ward, Hijjawi, Sulaiman, Fayer, Thompson, Olson, Lal & Xiao, 2002
Cryptosporidium meleagridis Slavin, 1955
Cryptosporidium molnari Alvarez-Pellitero & Sitjà-Bobadilla, 2002
Cryptosporidium muris Tyzzer, 1907
Cryptosporidium nasoris Hoover, Hoerr, Carlton, Hinsman & Ferguson, 1981
Cryptosporidium nasorum Hoover et al., 1981
小隱孢子蟲 Cryptosporidium parvum Tyzzer, 1912
Cryptosporidium pestis Slapeta, 2006
Cryptosporidium reichenbachklinkei (Paperna & Vilenkin, 1996)
Cryptosporidium scophthalmi Alvarez-Pellitero, Quiroga, Sitjà-Bobadilla, Redondo, Palenzuela, Padrós, Vázquez & Nieto, 2004
Cryptosporidium serpentis Levine, 1980
Cryptosporidium suis Ryan, Monis, Enemark, Sulaiman, Samarasinghe, Read, Buddle, Robertson, Zhou, Thompson & Xiao, 2004
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum Fayer, Santin & Macarisin, 2010
Cryptosporidium varanii Pavlásek, Lávicková, Horák, Král & Král, 1995
Cryptosporidium viatorum Elwin, Hadfield, Robinson, Crouch & Chalmers, 2012
Cryptosporidium wrairi Vetterling, Jervis, Merill & Sprinz, 1971
Cryptosporidium xiaoi Fayer & Santin, 2009

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Sponseller JK, Griffiths JK, Tzipori S. The evolution of respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: evidence for transmission by inhalation. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. July 2014, 27 (3): 575–86. PMC 4135895  . PMID 24982322. doi:10.1128/CMR.00115-13.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Parasites - Cryptosporidium (also known as "Crypto"). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 20, 2015 [2020-07-10]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-06）.
^ Abrahamsen MS, Templeton TJ, Enomoto S, Abrahante JE, Zhu G, Lancto CA, Deng M, Liu C, Widmer G, Tzipori S, Buck GA, Xu P, Bankier AT, Dear PH, Konfortov BA, Spriggs HF, Iyer L, Anantharaman V, Aravind L, Kapur V. Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum. Science. April 2004, 304 (5669): 441–5. PMID 15044751. doi:10.1126/science.1094786.

[Respiratory_cryptosporidiosis_-_fomite_transmission-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Sponseller JK, Griffiths JK, Tzipori S. The evolution of respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: evidence for transmission by inhalation. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. July 2014, 27 (3): 575–86. PMC 4135895  . PMID 24982322. doi:10.1128/CMR.00115-13.

[CDC_Site-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Parasites - Cryptosporidium (also known as "Crypto"). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 20, 2015 [2020-07-10]. （原始內容存檔於2021-05-06）.

[3] Abrahamsen MS, Templeton TJ, Enomoto S, Abrahante JE, Zhu G, Lancto CA, Deng M, Liu C, Widmer G, Tzipori S, Buck GA, Xu P, Bankier AT, Dear PH, Konfortov BA, Spriggs HF, Iyer L, Anantharaman V, Aravind L, Kapur V. Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum. Science. April 2004, 304 (5669): 441–5. PMID 15044751. doi:10.1126/science.1094786.

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