隐孢子虫属

隐孢子虫属
	人类粪便中发现鼠隐孢子虫（英语：Cryptosporidium muris）的卵囊
科学分类
域：	真核域 Eukaryota
演化支：	多貌生物 Diaphoretickes
演化支：	TSAR
演化支：	SAR 超类群 SAR
演化支：	囊泡虫类 Alveolata
门：	顶复门 Apicomplexa
纲：	类锥体纲 Conoidasida
目：	真球虫目 Eucoccidiorida
科：	隐孢子虫科 Cryptosporidiidae
属：	隐孢子虫属 Cryptosporidium; Tyzzer, 1907
异名
	Cryptocystidium Paperna, Landsberg & Ostrovska, 1986;

隐孢子虫属（学名：Cryptosporidium）是顶复门的一个属，本属部分物种可感染包括人类在内的许多脊椎动物，造成隐孢子虫病，症状包括腹泻与咳嗽等^[1]。

感染

隐孢子虫与疟原虫和弓形虫皆为顶复门的寄生虫，有别于后两者，隐孢子虫的生活史中不需中间宿主^[2]。隐孢子虫病多为短期、急性的疾病，感染后隐孢子虫可生存在人类的肠道长达五周，造成腹泻等症状^[1]。在体外隐孢子虫以卵囊的形式存在，对环境的抗性很高，进入人体后即可感染小肠上皮组织。造成人类隐孢子虫病的物种大多是小隐孢子虫与人隐胞子虫（英语：Cryptosporidium hominis）两种，不过犬隐孢子虫（C. canis）、猫隐孢子虫（C. felis）、火鸡隐胞子虫（C. meleagridis）与鼠隐孢子虫（英语：Cryptosporidium muris）也可能感染人类^[2]。免疫缺陷者被感染的症状一般较严重，但免疫正常者也可能被感染^[2]。

基因组

2004年，小隐孢子虫的基因组被完整定序，发现其线粒体中不含有DNA^[3]。

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：

Cryptosporidium andersoni Lindsay, Upton, Owens, Morgan, Mead & Blagburn, 2000
Cryptosporidium baileyi Current, Upton & Haynes, 1986
Cryptosporidium bovis Barker & Carbonell, 1974
Cryptosporidium canis Fayer, Trout, Xiao, Morgan, Lal & Dubey, 2001
Cryptosporidium cichlidis (Paperna & Vilenkin, 1996)
Cryptosporidium cuniculus Inman & Takeuchi, 1979
Cryptosporidium felis Iseki, 1979
Cryptosporidium galli Pavlásek, 1999
Cryptosporidium hominis Morgan-Ryan, Fall, Ward, Hijjawi, Sulaiman, Fayer, Thompson, Olson, Lal & Xiao, 2002
Cryptosporidium meleagridis Slavin, 1955
Cryptosporidium molnari Alvarez-Pellitero & Sitjà-Bobadilla, 2002
Cryptosporidium muris Tyzzer, 1907
Cryptosporidium nasoris Hoover, Hoerr, Carlton, Hinsman & Ferguson, 1981
Cryptosporidium nasorum Hoover et al., 1981
小隐孢子虫 Cryptosporidium parvum Tyzzer, 1912
Cryptosporidium pestis Slapeta, 2006
Cryptosporidium reichenbachklinkei (Paperna & Vilenkin, 1996)
Cryptosporidium scophthalmi Alvarez-Pellitero, Quiroga, Sitjà-Bobadilla, Redondo, Palenzuela, Padrós, Vázquez & Nieto, 2004
Cryptosporidium serpentis Levine, 1980
Cryptosporidium suis Ryan, Monis, Enemark, Sulaiman, Samarasinghe, Read, Buddle, Robertson, Zhou, Thompson & Xiao, 2004
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum Fayer, Santin & Macarisin, 2010
Cryptosporidium varanii Pavlásek, Lávicková, Horák, Král & Král, 1995
Cryptosporidium viatorum Elwin, Hadfield, Robinson, Crouch & Chalmers, 2012
Cryptosporidium wrairi Vetterling, Jervis, Merill & Sprinz, 1971
Cryptosporidium xiaoi Fayer & Santin, 2009

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Sponseller JK, Griffiths JK, Tzipori S. The evolution of respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: evidence for transmission by inhalation. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. July 2014, 27 (3): 575–86. PMC 4135895  . PMID 24982322. doi:10.1128/CMR.00115-13.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Parasites - Cryptosporidium (also known as "Crypto"). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 20, 2015 [2020-07-10]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-06）.
^ Abrahamsen MS, Templeton TJ, Enomoto S, Abrahante JE, Zhu G, Lancto CA, Deng M, Liu C, Widmer G, Tzipori S, Buck GA, Xu P, Bankier AT, Dear PH, Konfortov BA, Spriggs HF, Iyer L, Anantharaman V, Aravind L, Kapur V. Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum. Science. April 2004, 304 (5669): 441–5. PMID 15044751. doi:10.1126/science.1094786.

[Respiratory_cryptosporidiosis_-_fomite_transmission-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Sponseller JK, Griffiths JK, Tzipori S. The evolution of respiratory Cryptosporidiosis: evidence for transmission by inhalation. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. July 2014, 27 (3): 575–86. PMC 4135895  . PMID 24982322. doi:10.1128/CMR.00115-13.

[CDC_Site-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Parasites - Cryptosporidium (also known as "Crypto"). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 20, 2015 [2020-07-10]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-06）.

[3] Abrahamsen MS, Templeton TJ, Enomoto S, Abrahante JE, Zhu G, Lancto CA, Deng M, Liu C, Widmer G, Tzipori S, Buck GA, Xu P, Bankier AT, Dear PH, Konfortov BA, Spriggs HF, Iyer L, Anantharaman V, Aravind L, Kapur V. Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum. Science. April 2004, 304 (5669): 441–5. PMID 15044751. doi:10.1126/science.1094786.

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