雙臼椎龍科
雙臼椎龍科(屬名:Polycotylidae)是蛇頸龍目的其中一個科,是群大型蛇頸龍類,生存於白堊紀,並且是長鎖龍科的姐妹分類。
雙臼椎龍科 化石時期:
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三尖股龍,生存於白堊紀晚期的堪薩斯州 | |
無效狀況
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科學分類 | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
綱: | 爬蟲綱 Reptilia |
目: | †蛇頸龍目 Plesiosauria |
演化支: | †新蛇頸龍類 Neoplesiosauria |
亞目: | †蛇頸龍亞目 Plesiosauroidea |
科: | †雙臼椎龍科 Polycotylidae Williston, 1909 |
屬 | |
雙臼椎龍科包含相當多的種類。雙臼椎龍科擁有較短的頸部與大且瘦長的頭部,乍看之下牠們類似上龍類;不過一些系統發生學研究顯示牠們與蛇頸龍亞目擁有更多共同特徵。牠們的化石分佈在世界各地,包括美國、加拿大、日本、摩洛哥、澳洲、新西蘭、南美洲、以及俄羅斯等地區[1]。
種系發生學
編輯蛇頸龍目 |
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以下演化樹來自於2010年的蛇頸龍類種系發生學研究[4]:
蛇頸龍亞目 |
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蛇頸龍亞目 |
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本科包括以下屬:
- Ceraunosaurus Thurmond, 1968
- 長喙龍屬 Dolichorhynchops Williston, 1902
- 埃德加龍屬 Edgarosaurus Druckenmiller, 2002
- 始雙臼椎龍屬 Eopolycotylus Albright, Gillette & Titus, 2007
- Georgiasaurus Ochev, 1977
- 曙泳龍 Manemergus Buchy, Métayer & Frey, 2005
- Mauriciosaurus Frey, Mulder, Stinnesbeck, Rivera-Sylva, Padilla Gutierrez & González González, 2017
- Mauriciosaurus fernandezi Frey, Mulder, Stinnesbeck, Rivera-Sylva, Padilla-Gutiérrez & González-González, 2017[6]
- Pahasapasaurus Schumacher, 2007
- Palmula Albright, Gillette & Titus, 2007
- 跗節龍屬 Palmulasaurus Albright, Gillette & Titus, 2007
- 雙臼椎龍屬 Polycotylus Cope, 1869
- 蛇鱷龍屬 Serpentisuchops Persons, Street & Kelley, 2022
- Sulchusuchus Gasparini & Spalletti, 1990
- Sulcusuchus Gasparini & Spalletti, 1990
- 水神龍屬 Thililua Bardet, Pereda Suberbiola & Jalil, 2003
- 三尖股龍屬 Trinacromerum Cragin, 1888
參考資料
編輯- ^ Druckenmiller, Patrick S. and Russell, Anthony P. Earliest North American Occurrence Of Polycotylidae (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) From The Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Clearwater Formation, Alberta, Canada (PDF). Journal of Paleontology. 2009, 83 (6): 361–392. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-07-06).
- ^ Albright III, L. B., Gillette, D. D., and Titus, A. L., 2007b. Plesiosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) Tropic Shale of southern Utah, part 2: polycotylidae 互聯網檔案館的存檔,存檔日期2011-09-28.. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 27, n. 1, p. 41-58.
- ^ Schumacher, B. A., 2007, A new polycotylid plesiosaur (Reptilia; Sauropterygia) from the Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous; lower upper Cenomanian), Black Hills, South Dakota: In: The Geology and Paleontology of the Late Cretaceous marine deposits of the Dakotas, edited by Martin, J. E., and Parris, D. C., The Geological Society of America, Special Paper 427, p. 133-146.
- ^ Ketchum, H. F., and Benson, R. B. J. Global interrelationships of Plesiosauria (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) and the pivotal role of taxon sampling in determining the outcome of phylogenetic analyses. Biological Reviews. 2010, 85: 361–392. PMID 20002391. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00107.x.
- ^ Hilary F. Ketchum and Roger B. J. Benson. A new pliosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Oxford Clay Formation (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) of England: evidence for a gracile, longirostrine grade of Early-Middle Jurassic pliosaurids. Special Papers in Palaeontology. 2011, 86: 109–129. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01083.x.
- ^ Eberhard Frey, Eric W.A. Mulder, Wolfgang Stinnesbeck, Héctor E. Rivera-Sylva, José Manuel Padilla-Gutiérrez and Arturo Homero González-González. 2017. A New Polycotylid Plesiosaur with Extensive Soft Tissue Preservation from the early Late Cretaceous of northeast Mexico. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana. 69(1); 87–134.
- Palæos: The Vertebrates, Lepidosauromorpha: Cryptocleidoidea: Tricleidia