維基百科

草稿:林德偉

林德偉
David Lammy
2024年官方肖像
外交聯邦及發展事務大臣
現任
就任日期
2024年7月5日
總理施紀賢
前任甘民樂勳爵
英國國會議員
托定咸
現任
就任日期
2000年6月22日
前任伯尼·格蘭特
多數票15,434（38.4%）
倫敦議會
第十增選議員
任期
2000年5月4日—2000年7月4日
前任職位創立
繼任珍妮特·阿諾德
個人資料
出生大衛·林頓·拉米
David Lindon Lammy
(1972-07-19) 1972年7月19日（52歲）
 英國倫敦霍洛威
公民權 英國
 圭亞那[1]
政黨工黨
配偶尼古拉·格林（2005年結婚）
兒女3
學歷國王（座堂）學校
母校倫敦大學亞非學院 (法學士)
哈佛大學 (法學碩士)

林德偉（英語：David Lammy，1972年7月19日—），英國工黨籍政治人物，2024年7月起擔任外交聯邦及發展事務大臣[2]。他在2000年當選為托定咸選區國會議員，曾在貝理雅和白高敦時期任職國務大臣。

生平

編輯

早年生涯

編輯

拉米在1972年7月19日生於倫敦霍洛威，父母皆為非裔圭亞那人[3][4][5]。他有四個兄弟姊妹，12歲父母離異後與母親相依為命[6]。

拉米在托定咸長大，並就讀下山小學（Downhills Primary School）[7]。他在10歲時因獲內倫敦教育局頒發聖詩班獎學金而加入彼得堡座堂聖詩班，並入讀國王（座堂）學校（The King's (The Cathedral) School）[8]。

他在倫敦大學亞非學院獲得乙等一級榮譽法學士學位[9]，其後在1994年在林肯律師學院獲應許為英格蘭和威爾斯大律師。他亦是哈佛法學院首位英國黑人學生，並在1997年獲得法學碩士學位[9][10]。

在哈佛畢業後，拉米曾在1997年至1998年間在加利福尼亞州執業，及後返回英國擔任事務律師[5]。他亦是倫敦大學亞非學院的客席教授[11][12]。

國會生涯

編輯

2000年，拉米代表工黨出選倫敦議會全倫敦名單，但在選舉期內時任托定咸選區國會議員伯尼·格蘭特（Bernie Grant）逝世，拉米因而代表工黨出選該議席的補選並當選[13]。他亦以27歲之齡成為當時英國下議院最年輕的議員，直至2003年莎拉·提瑟（Sarah Teather）當選為國會議員為止[14]。

國務大臣

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2002年官方肖像

2002年，拉米獲時任首相貝理雅任命為衛生部國會秘書[15]，翌年獲調任為憲法事務部國會秘書[16]。作為執政黨一員，拉米在2003年支持英國派軍入侵伊拉克[17]。

在2005年大選後，拉米獲貝理雅為文化傳媒及體育部文化國務大臣[16]。2007年6月，新任首相白高敦將其貶至創新、大學及技術部國會秘書，但在翌年便獲重新擢升為國務大臣並晉身樞密院。2009年，拉米獲白高敦任命為高等教育國務大臣[16]。

反對黨前座

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工黨在2010年大選中落敗後，拉米返回後座。他在2010年黨魁選舉中以「候選人的多元立場是為重要」為由提名艾德雅，但及後宣佈支持文禮彬。在文立彬當選黨魁後，他以「需要對因公共服務削減而在其選區出現的廣泛議題發聲」為由拒絕了影子內閣職位[18]。

2012年，拉米宣佈支持簡·利文斯通代表工黨出選2012年倫敦市長選舉[19]，並成為利文斯通競選團隊主席。2014年，拉米表示考慮代表工黨參選2016年倫敦市長選舉[20]。

拉米在2015年黨魁選舉中成為提名郝爾彬的36名國會議員之一[21][22]。

倫敦市長工黨初選

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2014年9月4日，拉米宣佈尋求2016年倫敦市長選舉的工黨提名[23]。他在初選中獲得9.4%第一選擇票，總得票排名第四的成績落敗[24]。

2016年3月，他因在未獲得有關黨員的批准下，擅自撥打35,629通宣傳電話去支持其競選活動而被罰款5,000英鎊。拉米對自己違反《2003 年私隱與電子通訊（歐共體指令）條例》作「毫無保留的」致歉[25]。這亦是首次有政治人物因撥打滋擾性電話而被罰款[26]。

返回前座

編輯

拉米在2020年黨魁選舉和副黨魁選舉中分別支持施紀賢和韋雅蘭[27][28] 。施紀賢在2020年4月當選黨魁後，拉米獲任命進影子內閣擔任影子司法大臣[29]。2021年11月，拉米獲調任為影子外交聯邦及發展事務大臣[30]。

拉米曾參與2022年在華盛頓特區[31]和翌年在里斯本舉行的彼爾德伯格會議[32]。

2022年8月，拉米在一次調查中無意中被發現違反國會議員行為準則，他及後去信國會標準專員凱瑟琳·斯通致歉[33]。

2023年11月19日，拉米訪問以色列並會見以色列總統伊薩克·赫爾佐克和外長伊萊·科恩[34]。2024年1月，其演說被親巴勒斯坦示威者滋擾[35]。

In January 2023, Lammy visited Northern Ireland with Shadow Secretary Peter Kyle and Shadow Cabinet Office Minister Jenny Chapman, visiting Foyle Port to make a statement on the Northern Ireland Protocol.[36]

Foreign Secretary

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After being re-elected as the MP for the Tottenham constituency in the 2024 general election, Lammy was appointed Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs by Starmer in his ministry on 5 July.[37]

Political views

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Crime

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Lammy has talked about black and minority ethnic people, in particular younger people, with regards to their relation with crime and how they are treated by the criminal justice system.[38]

On 11 August 2011, in an address to Parliament, Lammy attributed part of the cause for England's riots of a few days earlier to destructive "cultures" that had emerged under the prevailing policies.[39] He also stated that legislation restricting the degree of violence that parents are allowed to use when disciplining their children was partly to blame for current youth culture, that had contributed to the riots.[40]

In September 2017 Lammy stated that the criminal justice system deals with "disproportionate numbers" of young people from black and ethnic minority communities: despite saying that although decisions to charge were "broadly proportionate", he asserted that black and ethnic minority people still face and perceive bias.[41] Lammy said that young black people are nine times more likely to be incarcerated than "comparable" white people, and proposed a number of measures including a system of "deferred prosecution" for young first time offenders to reduce incarcerations.[42] Lammy has claimed that black and ethnic minority people offend "at the same rates" as comparable white people "when taking age and socioeconomic status into account"; however, they were more likely to be stopped and searched, if charged, more likely to be convicted, more likely to be sent to prison and less likely to get support in prison.[43]

In 2018, Lammy blamed the then-Prime Minister Theresa May, Home Secretary Amber Rudd, and London Mayor Sadiq Khan for failing to take responsibility over fatal stabbings in London.[22] He also criticised inequality, high youth unemployment among black males, and local authorities cutting youth services and outreach programmes.[44]

Issues of race, prejudice and equality

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Lammy at the Keskidee Centre in Islington, 2011

Lammy has commented on Britain's history of slavery.[45][46][47] He has also criticised the University of Oxford for admitting relatively few black students and students from disadvantaged backgrounds.[48] He believes the Windrush scandal concerns injustice to a generation who are British, have made their homes and worked in Britain and deserve to be treated better.[49]

On 5 February 2013, Lammy gave a speech in the House of Commons on why he would be voting in favour of the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill, critically comparing the relegation of British same-sex couples to civil partnerships to the "separate but equal" legal doctrine that justified Jim Crow laws in the 20th-century United States.[50]

In January 2016, Lammy was commissioned by then-Prime Minister David Cameron to report on the effects of racial discrimination and disadvantage on the procedures of the police, courts, prisons and the probation service. Lammy published his report in September 2017, concluding that prosecutions against some BAME suspects should be delayed or dropped outright to mitigate racial bias.[51][52]

In the same month, Lammy claimed that one million Indians sacrificed their lives during the Second World War for the "European Project.", the statement was criticised by The Spectator.[53]

He has spoken out against antisemitism within the Labour Party, and attended an Enough is Enough rally. At the rally, Lammy stated that antisemitism has "come back because extremism has come back" and is damaging support for Labour among Britain's Jewish community.[54]

In January 2019, Lammy described Rod Liddle having a column in a weekly newspaper as a "national disgrace" and accused Liddle of having "white middle class privilege" for expressing the view that absent fathers played a role in violent crime involving black youths.[55] Writing in an article for The Spectator, Liddle disputed Lammy's claim that he was raised in a family reliant on tax credits, which were not introduced in the United Kingdom until Lammy was aged 31.[56] Lammy made the same argument - that absent fathers are a 'key cause of knife crime' - in 2012.[57]

Lammy recorded a Channel 4 documentary for Remembrance Sunday called The Unremembered: Britain's Forgotten War Heroes, which was broadcast on 10 November 2019. In it he reveals how Africans who died in their own continent serving Britain during WWI were denied the honour of an individual grave, despite the Commonwealth War Graves Commission's reputation for equality.[58] The documentary was produced by Professor David Olusoga's production company; Olusoga described the failure to commemorate black and Asian soldiers as one of the "biggest scandals" he had ever come across.[59]

The documentary inspired an investigation by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.[60] The subsequent report found that "pervasive racism" underpinned the failure to properly commemorate service personnel. The report stated that up to 54,000 casualties of "certain ethnic groups" did not receive the same remembrance treatment as white soldiers who had died and another 350,000 military personnel recruited from east Africa and Egypt were not commemorated by name or even at all.[61] In April 2021, Prime Minister Boris Johnson offered an "unreserved apology" over the findings of the review.[60] Secretary of State for Defence Ben Wallace apologised in the House of Commons, promising to make amends and take action.[62] Lammy, who was critical to bringing the matter to light, called this a "watershed moment".[60]

Home Office security

編輯

In October 2022, Lammy called for a full investigation into an alleged security breach by Suella Braverman. Lammy said: "The home secretary is the most serious job you could have in our state. This is a person who makes judgements about terrorism and counter-terrorism, who makes judgements about very, very serious offenders, whether they should be allowed out of prison, and for that reason, it's someone who, I'm afraid, judgement is critically important. I'm afraid this is a lapse of judgement that, quite rightly, she was sacked for. The question is, why was she brought back?"[63]

Foreign policy

編輯
 
Lammy speaking at an anti-Brexit rally in Parliament Square on 25 March 2017

Lammy is a staunch advocate of British membership of the European Union. On 23 June 2018, he appeared at the People's Vote march in London to mark the second anniversary of the referendum to leave the European Union. The People's Vote was a campaign group calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal between the UK and the European Union.[64] On 30 December 2020, he voted for the Brexit deal negotiated by Boris Johnson's Government.

In April 2019, Lammy was criticised for saying his comparison of the European Research Group (which consists of Conservative MPs) to Nazis and proponents of the South African apartheid was "not strong enough".[65]

In late 2023, following an IDF bombing of the Jabalia refugee camp, Lammy commented that the strike was wrong "when it comes to the ethics," but also that "if there is a military objective it can be legally justifiable". The comments were criticised by the Muslim Association of Britain as shameful and morally depraved.[66]

 
Lammy with US Deputy Secretary of State Kurt M. Campbell on 9 May 2024

Lammy has stressed wanting to maintain a strong relationship with the United States. On a trip to Washington D.C. in May 2024, Lammy spoke at the Hudson Institute where he described himself as a "good Christian" and "small-c conservative" who had common cause with the U.S. Republican Party.[67]

Other views

編輯

In Lammy's book, Out of the Ashes, Lammy stated in reference to the 2011 England riots that, "If parents were allowed to hit their children, the riots wouldn't have happened" and has said the ban on smacking children should be overturned.[68][69]

Lammy described the Grenfell Tower fire as "corporate manslaughter" and called for arrests to be made;[70] his friend Khadija Saye died in the fire.[71][72] He also criticised the authorities for failing to say how many people had died.[73] He has written about what he believes to be the shortcomings of the housing market.[74]

Lammy supports shared parental leave, which he maintains would "normalise" fathers being an equal parent with the mother, and would mean they become more involved in the raising of children, arguing that the barriers to "fathers playing a deeper role in family life" are not just legislative, but also cultural. He points out Scandinavian countries such as Sweden as examples of where governments have successfully made this happen, which he states has also helped increase gender equality.[6][75]

Lammy has called former Conservative Party Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher a "visionary leader for the UK" and that, "You can take issue with Mrs Thatcher's prescription, but she had a big manifesto for change and set about a course that lasted for over two decades".[76]

Comic Relief

編輯

In 2017, writing in The Guardian, Lammy argued that Comic Relief perpetuated problematic stereotypes of Africa, and that they had a responsibility to use its powerful position to move the debate on in a more constructive way by establishing an image of African people as equals.[77] His comments came after a video featuring Ed Sheeran meeting and rescuing a child in Liberia was criticised as "poverty porn" and was given the "Rusty Radiator" award for the "most offensive and stereotypical fundraising video of the year".[78][79] In 2018, in response to Lammy's comments and the backlash to Sheeran's video, Comic Relief announced they would take steps towards change by halting their use of celebrities for appeals.[80]

In February 2019, Lammy criticised Stacey Dooley for photographs she posted on social media of her trip to Uganda for Comic Relief, and said that "the world does not need any more white saviours", and that she was "perpetuating 'tired and unhelpful stereotypes' about Africa".[81][82] He also stated however, that he does not question her "good motives".[83] The donations received for the Red Nose Day broadcast in March 2019 fell by £8 million and the money raised that year was the lowest since 2007, which some have blamed on Lammy's remarks. Critics of his view included Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales[84] and Conservative Party MP Chris Philp.[85] Lammy responded to criticism with a statement in which he referred to the decline in donations being due to contributing factors of austerity, declining viewing figures, trends in the charity sector and format fatigue and that he hoped his comments "would inspire the charity to refresh its image and think harder about the effects its output has on our perceptions of Africa".[86]

Following this, in October 2020, Comic Relief announced it would stop sending celebrities to Africa for its fundraising films.[87] They stated that they would no longer send celebrities to Africa nor portray Africa with images of starving people or critically ill children,[88] instead, they would be using local filmmakers to provide a more "authentic" perspective and give agency back to African people.[89]

Personal life

編輯

Lammy married the artist Nicola Green in 2005;[5] the couple have two sons and a daughter.[90][91] Lammy is a Christian.[92][93] He is also a Tottenham Hotspur F.C. fan.[94] He states that his identity is "African, African-Caribbean, British, English, a Londoner and European".[93] "I'm black, I'm English, I'm British and I'm proud."[95]

In November 2011, he published a book, Out of the Ashes: Britain After the Riots, about the 2011 England riots.[96] In 2020, he published his second book, Tribes, which explored social division and the need for belonging.[97]

Lammy features as one of the 100 Great Black Britons on both the 2003 and 2020 lists.[98][99] He has regularly been included in the Powerlist as one of the most influential people in the UK of African/African-Caribbean descent, including the most recent editions published in 2020 and 2021.[100]

Since 2019, Lammy has received the highest income on top of his MP's salary among Labour Party MPs.[101]

Lammy considers himself English and has said: "I'm of African descent, African-Caribbean descent, but I am English."[102] In March 2021, Lammy was a guest on LBC when he rejected a caller's assertion that the dual identity of African-Caribbean descent and English nationality is impossible.[95][103]

Lammy was a stand-in presenter on LBC and hosted a weekly Sunday show, from 10am to 1pm, between 2022 and April 2024.[104]

Honours

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References

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  1. ^ Ram, Ryan. David Lammy is Proud of his Guyanese Roots! | THE WEST INDIAN ONLINE. www.thewestindianonline.com. 12 September 2017. 
  2. ^ Ministerial Appointments: July 2024. GOV.UK. [2024-07-05] （英語）. 
  3. ^ Kentish, Benjamin. David Lammy MP reveals racist abuse after speaking out on Windrush scandal: 'Be grateful we have taken you in as a black man'. The Independent. 23 April 2018 [2018-04-25]. 
  4. ^ Rt Hon David Lammy MP Member of Parliament for Tottenham. Davidlammy.co.uk. [2016-07-27]. （原始內容存檔於2016-08-21）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Zeffman, Henry. David Lammy: 'People have had enough — we'll fight Truss tooth and nail'. The Times. 2022-09-24 [2023-11-18] （英語）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Lammy, David. Bringing young fathers into the fold: policy challenges and developments. Families, Relationships and Societies (Bristol University Press). 2015-07-29, 4 (2): 315–317. ISSN 2046-7435. doi:10.1332/204674315x14351562563421  . 
  7. ^ David Lammy. David Lammy — The teachers who inspired me. The Tablet. 2021-04-22 [2022-09-06]. 
  8. ^ Lammy, David. Out of the Ashes: Britain After the Riots. Random House UK. 2012. ISBN 9780852653173. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Poole, Dan. Interview: MP David Lammy's trailblazing education in law. The Independent. 2007-10-25. 
  10. ^ Emery, Ruth. As a boy I'd go to bed worrying about money. The Times. 2016-07-24 [2020-04-23] （英語）. 
  11. ^ David Lammy MP among impressive range of new SOAS practice-based appointments | SOAS. www.soas.ac.uk. 2021-08-03 [2023-12-27] （英語）. 
  12. ^ Rt Hon. David Lammy, MP - Staff. SOAS University of London. [2020-05-11]. 
  13. ^ Boothroyd, David. Results of Byelections in the 1997–2002 Parliament. United Kingdom Election Results. [2015-10-05]. （原始內容存檔於2019-04-21）. 
  14. ^ Wintour, Patrick. Lammy is new baby of house. The Guardian. 2000-06-24 [2000-04-23]. 
  15. ^ Butler, Patrick. The rise and rise of David Lammy | Profile: the glittering past of the Department of Health's newest junior minister. The Guardian. 2002-05-30 [2020-04-23] （英語）. 
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Parliamentary career for Mr David Lammy - MPs and Lords - UK Parliament. members.parliament.uk. [2020-04-23] （英語）. 
  17. ^ David Lammy MP, Tottenham. TheyWorkForYou. [2020-04-23] （英語）. 
  18. ^ Elizabeth Pears. Lammy rejects offer from Labour Party leader Ed Miliband. Haringey Independent. 2010-10-11 [2016-06-27]. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-24）. 
  19. ^ David Lammy drops out of mayoral race... and backs Ken Livingstone. London Evening Standard. 2010-06-02. （原始內容存檔於2010-06-05）.  參數|newspaper=與模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建議改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (幫助)
  20. ^ David Lammy hopes to stand for mayor. BBC News. 2014-09-04 [2019-03-28] （英國英語）. 
  21. ^ Eaton, George. Who nominated who for the 2015 Labour leadership election?. New Statesman. 2015-06-15 [2016-07-27]. 
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 Aitkenhead, Decca. David Lammy: 'Kids are getting killed. Where is the prime minister? Where is Sadiq Khan?'. The Guardian. 2018-04-06 [2018-07-05] （英語）. 
  23. ^ David Lammy to go for Mayor - London Live. archive.is. 2014-09-04. （原始內容存檔於2014-09-04）. 
  24. ^ Khan wins Labour London mayor race. BBC News. 2015-09-11 [2020-04-23]. 
  25. ^ MP David Lammy apologises over nuisance calls. BBC News. 10 March 2016. 
  26. ^ Syal, Rajeev. David Lammy fined over mayoral bid nuisance calls. The Guardian. 2016-03-10. 
  27. ^ Shrimsley, Robert. David Lammy: 'The British aren't interested in revolution' . Financial Times. 2020-03-06 [2022-02-25]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-10）. 
  28. ^ Lammy, David [@DavidLammy]. Proud to be supporting Angela Rayner to be the next deputy leader of the Labour Party. Join us on Monday evening for the BAME manifesto rally. All communities and voices must be heard. (推文). 2020-02-21 [2022-02-25] –透過Twitter. 
  29. ^ Hyde, John. David Lammy replaces Burgon as shadow justice secretary. The Law Society Gazette. 2020-04-06 [2022-02-25]. 
  30. ^ Rodgers, Sienna. Big reshuffle sees Cooper, Streeting, Lammy, Reynolds, Phillipson promoted. LabourList. 2021-11-29 [2022-02-25]. 
  31. ^ Participants. Bilderberg Meetings. [2022-06-04]. 
  32. ^ Participants 2023. Bilderberg Meetings. [2023-12-29]. 
  33. ^ David Lammy MP inadvertently breached code of conduct. BBC News. 2022-08-11 [2022-08-12] （英國英語）. 
  34. ^ UK opposition Labour Party's foreign policy chief visits Israel. Reuters. 2023-11-19. 
  35. ^ Pro-Palestinian supporters disrupt speech by David Lammy. BBC News. 2024-01-20. 
  36. ^ Young, David; Jonathan McCambridge. Labour urges DUP to react in 'openhearted' way to any deal on the NI Protocol. belfasttelegraph. [2023-01-19]. ISSN 0307-1235 （英國英語）. 
  37. ^ Adam, Karla; Timsit, Annabelle; Taylor, Adam. Who is in Keir Starmer’s new U.K. government?. Washington Post. 5 July 2024. （原始內容存檔於5 July 2024）. 
  38. ^ David Lammy's speech to London Councils. GOV.UK. 15 July 2016 [2021-11-13] （英語）. 
  39. ^ Lammy, David. Tottenham MP David Lammy condemns 'Grand Theft Auto culture'. Hornsey and Crouch End Journal. 13 August 2011 [27 January 2018]. （原始內容存檔於1 October 2011）.  參數|newspaper=與模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建議改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (幫助)
  40. ^ Press Association. Labour MP partly blames anti-smacking law for UK riots. The Guardian (London). 29 January 2012. 
  41. ^ "Bias against ethnic minorities 'needs to be tackled' in justice system", BBC, 8 September 2017.
  42. ^ Bowcott, Owen, and Vikram Dodd (8 September 2017), "Exposed: 'racial bias' in British criminal justice system", The Guardian.
  43. ^ Haque, Zubaida. David Lammy's review bursts the myth of a link between race and crime. New Statesman. 8 September 2017. 
  44. ^ Khomami, Nadia; Gayle, Damien. Ministers failing to act over soaring murder rate, says Lammy. The Guardian. 5 April 2018 [5 April 2018]. ISSN 0261-3077 （英國英語）. 
  45. ^ Culture Minister David Lammy's Keynote Speech to 'Slavery: Unfinished Business' Conference. David Lammy MP. 19 May 2007. （原始內容存檔於6 May 2008）. 
  46. ^ Head-to-head: Slavery 'sorrow'. BBC News. 27 November 2006 [2 January 2010]. 
  47. ^ London's slave trade. Time Out. 2 May 2006 [27 July 2016]. 
  48. ^ Adams, Richard, and Helena Bengtsson (19 October 2017), "Oxford accused of 'social apartheid' as colleges admit no black students", The Guardian.
  49. ^ Lammy, David (30 April 2018), "Don't let Rudd's departure distract from a toxic policy that needs to die", The Guardian.
  50. ^ Rudolph, Christopher. Lawrence O'Donnell's 'Last Word' on Gay Marriage in the U.K.. The Advocate. 8 February 2013 [21 June 2017] （英語）. 
  51. ^ Bowcott, Owen; Dodd, Vikram. Exposed: 'racial bias' in England and Wales criminal justice system. The Guardian. 8 September 2017 [2 April 2021]. 
  52. ^ Lammy, David. Lammy review: final report. gov.uk. 8 September 2017 [2 April 2021]. （原始內容存檔於8 September 2017）. 
  53. ^ The 'in' side's shockingly bad start in the EU referendum campaign. The Spectator. 30 January 2016. 
  54. ^ David Lammy 'almost burst into tears' during Enough is Enough rally. The Jewish News. 1 June 2018. 
  55. ^ Lammy, David [@davidlammy]. Rod Liddle having a column in one of Britain's foremost weekly newspapers is a national disgrace, as well as the walking, living, breathing personification and definition of white middle class privilege. (推文). 13 January 2019 [11 May 2020] –透過Twitter. 
  56. ^ Liddle, Rod. On Nobel Prize winners and Mastermind losers. The Spectator. 19 January 2019. 
  57. ^ David Lammy MP says absent fathers 'key cause of knife crime'. BBC News. 2012-10-03 [2024-05-23] （英國英語）. 
  58. ^ Ramaswamy, Chitra. The Unremembered: Britain's Forgotten War Heroes review – David Lammy condemns a shameful history. The Guardian. 10 November 2019 [12 December 2019]. 
  59. ^ Sleigh, Sophia. Britain's failure to commemorate war heroes is a 'scandal' - historian. www.standard.co.uk. 2021-04-22 [2021-05-19] （英語）. 
  60. ^ 60.0 60.1 60.2 Commonwealth war graves: PM 'deeply troubled' over racism. BBC News. 2021-04-22 [2021-05-19] （英國英語）. 
  61. ^ Allegretti, Aubrey. PM 'deeply troubled' by failures to honour black and Asian war dead. The Guardian. 2021-04-22 [2021-05-19] （英語）. 
  62. ^ Sleigh, Sophia. Government sorry for failure to commemorate black and Asian soldiers. www.standard.co.uk. 2021-04-22 [2021-05-19] （英語）. 
  63. ^ Labour puts pressure on Rishi Sunak to 'come clean over Suella Braverman reappointment' Sky News. 30 October 2022
  64. ^ 'At least 100,000' march for vote on final Brexit deal. Sky News. 23 June 2018 [26 June 2018]. 
  65. ^ Elgot, Jessica. David Lammy says comparing ERG to Nazis 'not strong enough'. The Guardian. 14 April 2019. 
  66. ^ Robertson, Adam. David Lammy: Labour figure slammed for refugee camp bombing comments. The National. November 2023 [9 May 2024]. 
  67. ^ Diver, Tony. David Lammy meets Trump adviser in Labour's first contact with his campaign team. The Telegraph. 8 May 2024 [9 May 2024]. （原始內容存檔於8 May 2024）. 
  68. ^ Williams, Zoe. Why David Lammy is wrong about smacking. The Guardian. 30 January 2012 [13 January 2024]. 
  69. ^ Seales, Rebecca. Lammy: Lack of corporal punishment caused riots. The Times. 29 January 2012 [13 January 2024]. 
  70. ^ Lammy, David. This was a monstrous crime – there must be arrests after Grenfell Tower. The Guardian. 15 July 2017. Comment is free. 
  71. ^ Sommers, Jack. David Lammy fights back tears describing Khadija Saye, who died in Grenfell Tower fire. HuffPost. 16 June 2017 [19 June 2017]. 
  72. ^ Lammy, David. Those responsible for the horror of the Grenfell Tower fire must face trial. The Guardian. 26 December 2017 [5 July 2018] （英語）. 
  73. ^ Graham-Harrison, Emma. Mistrust and anger deepen as Grenfell death toll is still unknown. The Guardian. 1 July 2017. 
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編輯
 
維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：林德偉
大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國國會
前任者：
Bernie Grant 		Member of Parliament for Tottenham
2000–present 		現任
前任者：
Chris Leslie 		Baby of the House
2000–2003 		繼任者：
Sarah Teather
官銜
前任者：
Estelle Morris
為Minister of State for the Arts 		Minister of State for Culture
2005–2007 		繼任者：
Margaret Hodge
為Minister of State for Culture and Tourism
前任者：
Bill Rammell 		Minister of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills
2007–2010 		繼任者：
David Willetts
為Minister of State for Universities and Science
前任者：
Richard Burgon 		Shadow Secretary of State for Justice
2020–2021 		繼任者：
Steve Reed
Shadow Lord Chancellor
2020–2021
前任者：
Lisa Nandy 		Shadow Foreign Secretary
2021–2024 		空缺
前任者：
David Cameron 		Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs
2024– 		現任
取自 "https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:大衛·拉米&oldid=83330800"