下丘脑背内侧核

下丘脑背内侧核
下丘脑背内侧核
	位于图中的“DM”处
	老鼠的下丘脑背内侧核
基本信息
属于	下丘脑
标识字符
拉丁文	Nucleus dorsomedialis areae hypothalamicae intermediae
MeSH	D004302
NeuroNames（英语：NeuroNames）	397
NeuroLex（英语：NeuroLex） ID	birnlex_1558
TA98	A14.1.08.917、A14.1.08.922
TA2	5728
FMA	FMA:62331
	《神经解剖学术语（英语：Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy）》 [在维基数据上编辑]

下丘脑背内侧核（dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus，缩写DMH）是下丘脑的一个核团。背内侧核控制饮食、体重调节及昼夜活动，^[1] 是众多行为表现和生理昼夜节律的中枢。下丘脑背内侧核从神经元及体液接收关于饮食调节、体重以及能量消耗等的讯息，并将讯息传递至脑部参与睡眠和清醒调节、体温和皮质类固醇分泌的区域。^[2]

功能

下丘脑背内侧核接收来自下丘脑大部分区域及主要核团的讯号，^[3]从视交叉上核接收昼夜节律的讯息，并直接或通过视旁下核间接感知瘦素和其他进食的信号。然而，它也可能自带feeding-entrained oscillator（英语：feeding-entrained oscillator），目前尚未有研究足以证明这一点。背内侧核将讯号传递至腹外侧视前核（英语：ventrolateral preoptic nucleus）区域和蓝斑核以及食欲素神经元，以调节清醒的时间，而背内侧核也参与在下丘脑流出到自主神经及免疫系统的调节。^[4]研究以蝇蕈素抑制背内侧核神经细胞的活化后，原本受到气压影响而上升的心率和血压分别降低了85%和68%，这说明心血管在压力下产生血压上升与心跳加快的反应也与背内侧核相关。^[5]而背内侧核也是下丘脑室旁核分泌促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）通路的一部分，并参与从交感神经系统到肾上腺的流动。^[6]

参考资料

^ Chou, Thomas C.; Scammell, Thomas E.; Gooley, Joshua J.; Gaus, Stephanie E.; Saper, Clifford B.; Lu, Jun. Critical role of dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus in a wide range of behavioral circadian rhythms. The Journal of Neuroscience. November 2003, 23 (33): 10691–702. PMC 6740926  . PMID 14627654. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-33-10691.2003.
^ Gooley, Joshua J; Schomer, Ashley; Saper, Clifford B. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is critical for the expression of food-entrainable circadian rhythms. Nature Neuroscience. March 2006, 9 (3): 398–407. PMID 16491082. S2CID 8250782. doi:10.1038/nn1651.
^ Thompson RH, Swanson LW. Organization of inputs to the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus: a reexamination with Fluorogold and PHAL in the rat. Brain Research Reviews. July 1998, 27 (2): 89–118. PMID 9622601. S2CID 28298757. doi:10.1016/S0165-0173(98)00010-1.
^ Mieda, Michihiro; Williams, S. Clay; Richardson, James A.; Tanaka, Kohichi; Yanagisawa, Masashi. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus as a putative food-entrainable circadian pacemaker. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. August 2006, 103 (32): 12150–5. PMC 1567710  . PMID 16880388. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604189103  .
^ Stotz-Potter, Elizabeth H.; Willis, Lynn R.; DiMicco, Joseph A. Muscimol acts in dorsomedial but not paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus to suppress cardiovascular effects of stress. The Journal of Neuroscience. February 1996, 16 (3): 1173–9. PMC 6578823  . PMID 8558246. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-03-01173.1996.
^ Bernardis, Lee L.; Bellinger, Larry L. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus revisited: 1998 update. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. September 1998, 218 (4): 284–306. PMID 9714072. S2CID 42864935. doi:10.3181/00379727-218-44296.

[1] Chou, Thomas C.; Scammell, Thomas E.; Gooley, Joshua J.; Gaus, Stephanie E.; Saper, Clifford B.; Lu, Jun. Critical role of dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus in a wide range of behavioral circadian rhythms. The Journal of Neuroscience. November 2003, 23 (33): 10691–702. PMC 6740926  . PMID 14627654. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-33-10691.2003.

[Gooley-2] Gooley, Joshua J; Schomer, Ashley; Saper, Clifford B. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is critical for the expression of food-entrainable circadian rhythms. Nature Neuroscience. March 2006, 9 (3): 398–407. PMID 16491082. S2CID 8250782. doi:10.1038/nn1651.

[3] Thompson RH, Swanson LW. Organization of inputs to the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus: a reexamination with Fluorogold and PHAL in the rat. Brain Research Reviews. July 1998, 27 (2): 89–118. PMID 9622601. S2CID 28298757. doi:10.1016/S0165-0173(98)00010-1.

[Mieda-4] Mieda, Michihiro; Williams, S. Clay; Richardson, James A.; Tanaka, Kohichi; Yanagisawa, Masashi. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus as a putative food-entrainable circadian pacemaker. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. August 2006, 103 (32): 12150–5. PMC 1567710  . PMID 16880388. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604189103  .

[5] Stotz-Potter, Elizabeth H.; Willis, Lynn R.; DiMicco, Joseph A. Muscimol acts in dorsomedial but not paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus to suppress cardiovascular effects of stress. The Journal of Neuroscience. February 1996, 16 (3): 1173–9. PMC 6578823  . PMID 8558246. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-03-01173.1996.

[Bernardis-6] Bernardis, Lee L.; Bellinger, Larry L. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus revisited: 1998 update. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. September 1998, 218 (4): 284–306. PMID 9714072. S2CID 42864935. doi:10.3181/00379727-218-44296.

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