叶须虫目

多毛纲的一目环节动物

叶须虫目(学名:Phyllodocida)是多毛纲足刺亚纲之下一个[2]。这些物种主要在海洋生活,而有少量生活于咸淡水交界处。本目物种大多数是活跃的底栖生物,在沉积物的表面上移动或在当中挖洞,又或居住在基岩的裂缝和缝隙中。当中有部分物种会建造栖管,又有部分是浮游生物。据估计,约有3500种物种[3]

叶须虫目
浮游的多毛纲物种浮蚕属Tomopteris
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 环节动物门 Annelida
纲: 多毛纲 Polychaeta
亚纲: 足刺亚纲 Errantia
目: 叶须虫目 Phyllodocida
Dales英语Dales, 1962[1]
亚目

见内文

特征

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叶须虫目是有体节物种,身长从数毫米到超过一米不等。每个体节均有一对似的疣足口前叶一般有一对到两对眼睛,背部有一对触角,a ventral pair of sensory palps and a pair of organs on the neck. The peristomium is a ring, often hidden dorsally by the prostomium and the first segment. There is a muscular proboscis with one or more pairs of jaws. The next few segments tend to differ from those further back in having enlarged dorsal and ventral cirri (fine appendages) and reduced parapodial lobes and chaetae (bristles). Some species have appendages with specialised functions but most have many segments that are similar to each other but which vary in size and shape along the length of the body without abrupt changes in the chaetae and parapodia from one to the next.[3]

食性

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本目物种一般皆为捕食性动物腐食性动物[4]

支序分类关系

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本目的三个主要子群体为:鳞沙蚕亚目Aphroditiformia)、吻沙蚕亚目Glyceriformia)及沙蚕亚目Nereidiformia):

  • 鳞沙蚕亚目的特色为其物种每隔一个体节会长有质的背鳞elytraescales);
  • 吻沙蚕亚目的特色为其物种均有独特的锥状环形口前叶(prostomium);
  • 沙蚕亚目比较麻烦,因为牠们并没有普遍可辨识的特征。

There is agreement on the monophyly of a group including the Hesionidae, Nereididae and Chrysopetalidae families but opinions differ about Pilargidae, and molecular and morphological studies continue.[5][6][7]

分类

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叶须虫目原为足刺目之下的一个亚目。后来足刺目升格成为足刺亚纲,其下的叶须虫亚目亦升格成为叶须虫目。以下为本目所包含的四个亚目及再之下的各个科[2][8]

参考文献

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  1. ^ Dales, R.P. The polychaete stomodeum and the inter-relationships of the families of Polychaeta.. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1962, 139 (3): 389–428 (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Read, Geoffrey; Fauchald, Kristian. Phyllodocida. WoRMS. 2014-02-18 [2020-03-03]. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Pleijel, Fredrik; Rouse, Greg W. Phyllodocida. The Tree of Life Web Project Version 13. 2004-04 [2020-03-03]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-15) (英语). 
  4. ^ 网络生命大百科
  5. ^ Glasby, C.J. Family revision and cladistic analysis of the Nereidoidea (Polychaeta: Phyllodocida). Invertebr. Taxon. 1993, 7: 1551–1573 (英语). 
  6. ^ Pleijel, F.; Dahlgren, T.G. Position and delineation of Chrysopetalidae and Hesionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta, Phyllodocida). Cladistics. 1998, 14: 129–150 (英语). 
  7. ^ Dahlgren, T.G.; Lundberg, J.; Pleijel, F.; Sundberg, P. Morphological and molecular evidence of the phylogeny of Nereidiform polychaetes (Annelida). J. zool. Syst. evol. Res. 2000, 38: 249–253 (英语). 
  8. ^ Phyllodocida. ITIS. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Kinberg, J.G.H. Nya slägten och arter af Annelider [环节动物新属新种]. Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhhandlingar (Stockholm): 381–388. [2022-11-06]. (原始内容存档于2022-11-06) (拉丁语及瑞典语).  已忽略未知参数|yearr= (帮助)
  10. ^ Read, Geoffrey |date=2013-12-19. Aphroditiformia. WoRMS. [2022-11-06]. 
  11. ^ Read, Geoffrey |date=2021-04-02. Pholoidae Kinberg, 1858. WoRMS. [2022-11-06]. 
  12. ^ Read, Geoffrey |date=2021-04-02. Pisionidae Ehlers, 1901. WoRMS. [2022-11-06]. 
  13. ^ Read, Geoffrey |date=2013-12-19. Glyceriformia. WoRMS. [2022-11-06]. 
  14. ^ 角沙蠶科 Goniadidae. 台湾生物多样性网络. 2021-01-30 [2022-11-06]. (原始内容存档于2022-11-06) (中文(繁体)). 
  15. ^ Nereidiformia |date=2004-12-21. WoRMS. [2022-11-06]. 
  16. ^ Read, Geoffrey; Fauchald, Kristian; Vanden Berghe, Edward. Nautiliniellidae Miura & Laubier, 1990. WoRMS. 2013-11-19 [2022-11-06]. 
  17. ^ Read, Geoffrey |date=2013-12-19. Phyllodociformia. WoRMS. [2022-11-06]. 
  18. ^ Read, Geoffrey |date=2020-06-27. Alciopidae Ehlers, 1864. WoRMS. [2022-11-06]. 
  19. ^ Read, Geoffrey; Vanden Berghe, Edward. Phyllodocida incertae sedis. WoRMS. 2014-03-13 [2022-11-06]. 
  20. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为zgdwz的参考文献提供内容

外部链接

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