悲 (佛教)
佛教
编辑慈悲是所有佛教教派的共同理念,意思是同情心或同理心,当别人受苦时能够同情的心。在上座部佛教而言,慈悲被认为是达致今世解脱及喜乐的法门。而在大乘佛教来说,慈悲更是普渡众生以及修成菩提心的法门。
上座部佛教
编辑在上座部佛教中,慈悲是四无量心所(又称梵住心所,Brahmavihāra)之一。四无量心所包括善(Mettā)、慈悲(Karuṇā)、随喜(Muditā)和无分别心(upekkha),有时亦会译为慈、悲、喜、舍。[1]根据巴利文经典,佛陀认为四无量心适合出家人或未出家的施主修行,[2] 并认为四无量心能照耀四方,去除三毒,[3]今世净心喜乐,下一世得往生天界。[4][5]
大乘佛教
编辑在大乘佛教(汉传佛教与藏传佛教)来说,慈悲被提升到和般若(prajña,有时译智慧)同等的重要性,是通往菩萨道的途径。[6]在大乘佛教的修行方法中,认为修行者首先要发大愿(Vow)普渡众生,然后要破除我执(self-center),见性明心,而慈悲(同情心)是破除自我中心的条件。[7]
相关条目
编辑附注
编辑- ^ Gethin (1998), pp.186-187; and, Rhys Davids & Stede, op. cit. Archive.is的存档,存档日期2012-07-11
- ^ For instance, in the Kālāmā Sutta (AN 3.65), the Buddha speaks of all Noble Disciples (ariya-savaka) developing the brahmaviharas (Thanissaro, 1994). 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2011-10-06.
- ^ Kālāmā Sutta (AN 3.65), trans. Thanissaro (1994). 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2011-10-06. The "four directions" refer to east, south, west and north.
- ^ AN 3.65 (Thanissaro, 1994). 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2011-10-06. In regards to in which heavenly realm a frequent karuṇā dweller will be reborn, AN 4.125 (Thanissaro, 2006) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) identifies it as the realm of radiant (abhassara) devas, whose lifespans last two eons.
- ^ SN-A 128 (Rhys Davids & Stede, 1921–25, op. cit.); see also, BDEA & BuddhaNet (n.d.). (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ Gethin (1999), p. 228.
- ^ Stages of Meditation by H.H The Dalai Lama, Root Text by Kamalashila. Snow Lion Publications. Page 42-43
- ^ The Way of the Bodhisattva by Shantideva. Shambhala Publications. Page 122-123
参考资料
编辑- Buddha Dharma Education Association & BuddhaNet (n.d.). Buddhist Studies for Secondary Students, Unit 6: The Four Immeasurables. Retrieved from "BuddhaNet" at http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/bs-s15.htm (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Gethin, Rupert (1998). The Foundations of Buddhism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Monier-Williams, Monier (1899, 1964). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-864308-X. Retrieved 2008-05-09 from "Cologne University" at http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/index.php?sfx=pdf (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Rhys Davids, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921-5). The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English Dictionary. Chipstead: Pali Text Society. Retrieved 2008-05-09 from "U. Chicago" at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/ (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Shah, Pravin K. (n.d.). Nine Tattvas (Principles). Retrieved from "Harvard U." at https://web.archive.org/web/20090605003634/http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~pluralsm/affiliates/jainism/jainedu/9tattva.htm.
- Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1994). Kalama Sutta: To the Kalamas (AN 3.65). Retrieved 2008-05-10 from "Access to Insight" at https://web.archive.org/web/20111006181109/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.065.than.html.
- Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2006). Metta Sutta: Good Will (1) (AN 4.125). Retrieved 2008-05-10 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an04/an04.125.than.html (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Great Compassion Dharani Sutra (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
外部链接
编辑- Dharma Dictionary - RangjungYesheWiki - Snying Rje / Karuna (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Caring For the Poorest children in Cambodia: Karuna Foundation - by Cathy and Phil Kiely
- The network of Karuna-Shechen foundations in Europe, North America and Asia is raising funds for Karuna-Shechen humanitarian projects in the Himalayan region. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- A View on Buddhism COMPASSION AND BODHICITTA