特林吉特人
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特林吉特人(英语:Tlingit /ˈklɪŋkɪt/ 或 /ˈtlɪŋkɪt/;也写作 Tlinkit)或译特林基特人,是北美洲太平洋西北海岸原住民的一支[2],他们自称为 Lingít([ɬɪŋkɪ́t])[3],其意思是“潮汐之人[4]。其俄语名称“Колоши”(来自Sugpiaq-Alutiiq语“kulut'ruaq”,指的是女人们用的唇饰)和德语名称“Koulischen”历史上也曾用到,例如格里戈里·伊万诺维奇·舍利霍夫1796年绘制的俄属北美地图上就曾出现这些名字[5]。
特林基特族 | |
---|---|
总人口 | |
15,200(14,000在美国,1,200在加拿大)[1] | |
分布地区 | |
美国阿拉斯加州 加拿大英属哥伦比亚省、育空地区 | |
语言 | |
英语、特林吉特语 | |
宗教信仰 | |
基督教(其中以东正教为主)及其他 |
特林吉特人是在阿拉斯加东南部的温带雨林中发展出来的母系氏族[6]。他们采取以渔业为主的半定居式的生活,并结合狩猎采集为生[7]。内陆地区的特林吉特人称作“内陆特林吉特人”(Inland Tlingit),他们生活在不列颠哥伦比亚省西北部和育空地区南部。
注释
编辑- ^ 1990年代,Pritzker, 209
- ^ Pritzker, 162
- ^ "Lingít Yoo X'atángi: The Tlingit Language." (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Sealaska Heritage Institute. (retrieved 3 December 2009)
- ^ Pritzker, 208 "People of the Tides"
- ^ Shelikhov, Gregorii Ivanovich and Richard A. Pierce. A Voyage to America 1783–1786. Kingston: Limestone Press, 1981.
- ^ Pritzker, 210
- ^ Moss, 27
参考文献
编辑- de Laguna, Fredericæ. "Tlingit." Suttles, Wayne, ed. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 7: Northwest Coast. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1990: 203-28. ISBN 0-87474-187-4.
- Boyd, Robert Thomas. The Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence: Introduced Infectious Diseases and Population Decline among Northwest Coast Indians, 1774-1874. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-295-97837-6.
- Moss, Madonna. Northwest Coast: Archaeology as Deep History. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Washington, D.C.: Society for American Archaeology, 2011.
- Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000: 286-7. ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1.
- Kan, Sergei. "Shamanism and Christianity: Modern-Day Tlingit Elders Look at the Past." (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Klass, Morton and Maxine Wiesgrau, eds. Across The Boundaries Of Belief: Contemporary Issues In The Anthropology Of Religion. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-8133-2695-5.
延伸阅读
编辑- The Tlingit Indians (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), George Thornton Emmons (Contributors Frederica De Laguna &Jean Low), University of Washington Press, 1991, ISBN 0295970081, ISBN 9780295970080, 488 pp.
- The Tlingit Indians in Russian America, 1741-1867: 1741-1867 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Andrei Val'terovich Grinev, Richard L. Bland, Katerina G. Solovjova, Translated by Richard L. Bland, Katerina G. Solovjova, Contributor Richard L. Bland, Katerina G. Solovjova, U. of Nebraska Press, 2005, ISBN 0803222149, ISBN 9780803222144, 386 pp.
外部链接
编辑- Map and list of Tlingit Kwaans and territories (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Tlingit Language and Culture Resources, Alaska Native Knowledge Network (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Anash Interactive—An online destination where users create comics, write stories, watch webisodes, download podcasts, play games, read stories and comics by other members, and find out about the Tlingit people of Canada.
- Tlingit Myths and Texts, John R. Swanton, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 39, 1909
- Central Council Tlingit Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska