医疗用碘

碘
临床资料
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）	Iodoflex, Iodosorb, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
给药途径	局部、口服、肌肉注射
ATC码	D08AG (WHO) ;
识别信息
CAS号	7553-56-2

医疗用碘（英语：Iodine）是用以预防碘缺乏病，以及当作消毒药水之用^[1]^[2]，对于碘缺乏病的患者，可以予以口服或采肌肉注射^[1]，作为消毒药水之用时，可用于湿润的伤口，或手术前的皮肤消毒（英语：Skin disinfection）^[2]。

若用于皮肤上，常见的副作用是会有刺激感和将皮肤染色^[2]，当口服或注射给药时，可能的副作用为出现过敏反应、导致甲状腺肿和甲状腺疾病^[1]，仅有在碘普遍缺乏的地区，才建议用于孕妇身上，其他情形不建议孕妇使用^[1]^[2]。碘是一种必需微量元素^[1]。

法国化学家贝尔纳·库尔图瓦于1811年从海藻里分离出碘，瑞士物理学家尚·弗朗索瓦·宽德（英语：Jean-François Coindet）在1820年发现，碘的摄取量和甲状腺肿的大小有关^[3]；早在发现之初，碘就作为消毒药水及用于治疗甲状腺肿^[4]^[5]。在世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单上，将碘列为医疗系统中不可或缺的有效安全药物之一^[6]。超过 110 国可以取得含碘的盐锭（或称碘盐）^[7]，在碘单日摄取量低的地区，一年剂量碘盐的单剂建议价格约在0.32 美元之谱^[8]^[1]。

药品

在医疗上，有许多含有碘的药品^[9]：

碘化钾（补充剂）
卢戈氏碘液（补充剂及杀菌剂）
聚维酮碘（杀菌剂）
碘海醇（显影剂）
泛影酸（英语：amidotrizoate）（显影剂）
碘托葡甲胺（英语：meglumine iotroxate）（显影剂）
碘的同位素
碘酊
nascent iodine（英语：nascent iodine）
碘番酸（英语：Iopanoic acid）（显影剂）
胺碘酮（含30%的碘)

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009: 499 [8 January 2017]. ISBN 9789241547659. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于13 December 2016）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Iodine. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [8 January 2017]. （原始内容存档于13 January 2017）.
^ Leung, AM; Braverman, LE; Pearce, EN. History of U.S. iodine fortification and supplementation. Nutrients. Nov 13, 2012, 4 (11): 1740–6. PMC 3509517  . PMID 23201844. doi:10.3390/nu4111740. （原始内容存档于2014-01-02）.
^ Preedy, Victor R.; Burrow, Gerard N.; Watson, Ronald Ross. Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine: Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects. Academic Press. 2009: 135. ISBN 9780080920863. （原始内容存档于2017-08-12）（英语）.
^ Sneader, Walter. Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons. 2005. ISBN 9780471899792. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）（英语）.
^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List) (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015 [8 December 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于13 December 2016）.
^ Watson, Ronald Ross; Gerald, Joe K.; Preedy, Victor R. Nutrients, Dietary Supplements, and Nutriceuticals: Cost Analysis Versus Clinical Benefits. Springer Science & Business Media. 2010: 37. ISBN 9781607613084. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）（英语）.
^ Rosso, Joy Miller Del; Marek, Tonia. Class Action: Improving School Performance in the Developing World Through Better Health and Nutrition. World Bank Publications. 1996: 21. ISBN 9780821336724. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）（英语）.
^ The selection and use of essential medicines: Twentieth report of the WHO Expert Committee 2015 (including 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and 5th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). (PDF). WHO. 2015: many [8 December 2016]. ISBN 9789240694941. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于20 December 2016）.

[WHO2008-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009: 499 [8 January 2017]. ISBN 9789241547659. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于13 December 2016）.

[AHFS2017-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Iodine. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [8 January 2017]. （原始内容存档于13 January 2017）.

[Leung-3] Leung, AM; Braverman, LE; Pearce, EN. History of U.S. iodine fortification and supplementation. Nutrients. Nov 13, 2012, 4 (11): 1740–6. PMC 3509517  . PMID 23201844. doi:10.3390/nu4111740. （原始内容存档于2014-01-02）.

[4] Preedy, Victor R.; Burrow, Gerard N.; Watson, Ronald Ross. Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine: Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects. Academic Press. 2009: 135. ISBN 9780080920863. （原始内容存档于2017-08-12）（英语）.

[5] Sneader, Walter. Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons. 2005. ISBN 9780471899792. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）（英语）.

[WHO19th-6] WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List) (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015 [8 December 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于13 December 2016）.

[7] Watson, Ronald Ross; Gerald, Joe K.; Preedy, Victor R. Nutrients, Dietary Supplements, and Nutriceuticals: Cost Analysis Versus Clinical Benefits. Springer Science & Business Media. 2010: 37. ISBN 9781607613084. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）（英语）.

[8] Rosso, Joy Miller Del; Marek, Tonia. Class Action: Improving School Performance in the Developing World Through Better Health and Nutrition. World Bank Publications. 1996: 21. ISBN 9780821336724. （原始内容存档于2017-01-13）（英语）.

[WHO2015Use-9] The selection and use of essential medicines: Twentieth report of the WHO Expert Committee 2015 (including 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and 5th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). (PDF). WHO. 2015: many [8 December 2016]. ISBN 9789240694941. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于20 December 2016）.

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