側鰓科
側鰓科（學名：Pleurobranchidae），亦作側鰓海牛科，是分類學上海蛞蝓的一個科、海洋腹足綱軟體動物側鰓類支序的成員。過往是背楯目之下的一個科[3]，現時是裸側類支序的成員。
側鰓科
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| Pleurobranchus forskalii | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 綱： | 腹足綱 Gastropoda |
| 目： | 側鰓目 Pleurobranchida |
| 總科： | 側鰓總科 Pleurobranchoidea |
| 科： | 側鰓科 Pleurobranchidae Gray, 1827 [1] |
| 模式屬 | |
| Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1804
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| 亞科 | |
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| 異名[2] | |
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側鰓科的物種有一個突出的外套膜，其內殼在成年後會退化或完全消失。[4]已經觀察到一些成年物種以海鞘類為食。側鰓科物種的幼蟲可以是浮游性的（以浮游生物為食）、營養性的（從卵黃中獲取營養）或直接發育的。
分類
編輯直到2005年，這個科都被置於背楯亞目中。然而，在「Bouchet和Rocroi 對腹足目的分類」（2005年）中，側鰓科被置於側鰓總科中，是側鰓類（與裸鰓類是姐妹類）的惟一一科，是裸側類的一部分。
- Berthellina
- Berthellina citrina (Ruppell et Leuckart, 1828)
- Pleurobranchus
- Pleurobranchus forskalii (Ruppell et Leuckart, 1828)
- 明月側鰓 Euselenops luniceps (Cuvier, 1817)[8]
Pleurobranchinae亞科
編輯- Bathyberthella
- Bathyberthella antarctica Willan and Bertsch, 1987 [9]
- 側鰓海蛞蝓屬 Berthella de Blainville, 1824
- Berthella africana Pruvot-Fol, 1953 [10]
- Berthella agassizi MacFarland, 1909
- Berthella americana A. E. Verrill, 1885
- Berthella aurantiaca Risso, 1818
- Berthella caledonica Dall, 1900
- Berthella californica Dall, 1900 California sidegill slug
- Berthella canariensis Cervera, J.L., T.M. Gosliner, J.C. García-Gómez & J. Ortea, 2000
- Berthella elongata Cantraine, 1835
- 馬丁側鰓海蛞蝓 Berthella martensi Pilsbry, 1896
- Berthella medietas R. Burn, 1962
- Berthella ocellata delle Chiaje, 1830
- Berthella ornata T.F. Cheeseman, 1878
- Berthella patagonica d'Orbigny, 1837
- Berthella platei Bergh, 1898 [11]
- Berthella plumula Montagu, 1803
- Berthella sideralis Lovén, 1846
- Berthella stellata Risso, 1826
- Berthella strongi MacFarland, 1966
- Berthella tamiu Ev. Marcus, 1984 [12]
- Berthella tupala Er. Marcus, 1957
- Berthellina Gardiner, 1936
- Berthellina amarillus Mattox, 1953
- Berthellina americanus Verrill, 1885
- Berthellina circularis Mörch, 1863
- Berthellina citrina Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828 (synonym of Gymnotoplax citrina Er. Marcus, 1957 )
- Berthellina delicata W.H. Pease, 1861
- Berthellina edwardsi Vayssière, 1897
- Berthellina engeli Gardiner, 1936
- Berthellina granulata (Krauss, 1848)
- Berthellina ilisima Marcus, Er. & Ev. Marcus, 1967
- Berthellina quadridens Mörch, 1863 (junior synonym of Gymnotoplax quadridens)[13]
- Boreoberthella Martynov & Schrödl, 2009
- Bouvieria Vayssière, 1896 : synonym of Berthella Blainville, 1824
- Bouvieria auriantiaca Risso, 1813
- Bouvieria ocellata S. delle Chiaje, 1828
- Bouvieria perforata Philippi, 1844
- Gigantonotum: synonym of Berthella Blainville, 1824
- Gigantonotum album Lin, G. & S. Tchang, 1965
- Gymnotoplax Pilsbry, 1896 : synonym of Berthella Blainville, 1824
- Gymnotoplax citrina Er. Marcus, 1957
- Gymnotoplax engeli Gardiner, 1936
- Gymnotoplax quadridens
- Oscanius Leach, 1847 : synonym of Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1804
- Oscanius tuberculatus Meckel, 1808
- Parabathyberthella: synonym of Bathyberthella Willan, 1983
- Parabathyberthella eltanini Dell, 1990
- Parabathyberthella orcadensis Talavera, F.G., J.C. García-Gómez, J.S. Troncoso & J.L. Cervera, 1994
- Pleurehdera Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1970
- Pleurehdera haraldi Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1970
- Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1805
- Polictenidia: synonym of Bathyberthella Willan, 1983
- Polictenidia tomasi Talavera, F.G., J.S. Troncoso, J.L. Cervera & J.C. García-Gómez, 1996
- Susania: synonym of Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1804
- Susania testudinaria Cantraine, F.J., 1840 (synonym of Pleurobranchus testudinarius)
- Tomthompsonia
無殼側鰓亞科
編輯無殼側鰓亞科（Pleurobranchaeinae）現時被提升為無殼側鰓科（Pleurobranchaeidae Pilsbry, 1896）。
參考資料
編輯- ^ Encyclopaedia metropolitana, Volume 7, Plates to Zoology; plate Mollusca III (plate 4)
- ^ Bouchet, P. (2011). Pleurobranchidae. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2011-06-30
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Notaspidea 背楯目. TaiBIF. [2018-03-20]. （原始內容存檔於2019-03-13） （中文（繁體））.
- ^ R. Willan. Phylogenetic systematics of the Notaspidea (Opisthobranchia) with a reappraisal of families and genera. Am. Malacol. Bull. 1987, 5: 215–241.
- ^ Aldo Spinella; Ernesto Mollo; Enrico Trivellone; Guido Cimino. Testudinariol A and B, two unusual triterpenoids from the skin and the mucus of the marine mollusc Pleurobranchus testudinarius. Tetrahedron. December 1997, 53 (49): 16891–16896 [2018-03-19]. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(97)10124-7. （原始內容存檔於2019-03-13）.
- ^ T. Thompson. Acidic allomones in marine organisms. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK. 1988, 68 (3): 499–517. doi:10.1017/S0025315400043368.
- ^ ?. WoRMS. [2018-03-20].
- ^ Cuvier G. (1817). Le Règne Animal. volume 2 (Gasteropodes): page 396; volume 4 (Plates): plate 11, figure 2.
- ^ Francisco José García; José Carlos García-Gómez; Jesús S. Troncoso; Juan Lucas Cervera. A descriptive study of some Antarctic notaspidean opisthobranchs (Gastropoda), with description of a new genus and species. Polar Biology. May 1994, 14 (4): 261–268. doi:10.1007/bf00239174.[永久失效連結]
- ^ Cervera et al. (2000). A new species of Berthella Blainville, 1824 (Opisthobranchia: Notaspidea) from the Canary Islands (Eastern Atlantic Ocean), with a re-examination of the phylogenetic relationships of the Notaspidea. J.Moll. Stud., 66: 3001-311.
- ^ Michael Schrödl. The genus Berthella Blainville, 1825 (Notaspidea, : Pleurobranchidae) from Magellanic waters. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 1999, 65 (4): 399–409 [2018-03-19]. doi:10.1093/mollus/65.4.399. （原始內容存檔於2006-10-03）.
- ^ Marcus, Ev. 1984. The Western Atlantic warm water Notaspidea (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia), Parte 2 Boletim de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo 8 p. 43-76.
- ^ Mörch, 1863. Contributions à la faune malacologique des Antilles danoises Journal de Conchyliologie 11 21-43.
外部連結
編輯
- Scientists just collected a mysterious 'purple orb' at the bottom of the ocean, but no one could anticipate what happened next (Video). Business Insider. July 30, 2016 [July 30, 2016].[失效連結]
- Richard C. Willan, Description of a New Pleurobranch (Opisthobranchia, Notaspidea) from Antarctic with a review of Notaspideans from South Polar Seas; The Veliger 29 (3), 1987 p. 292-302 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）