大都督 (拜占庭)
大都督(希臘語:μέγας δούξ)是晚期拜占庭帝國最高等級的頭銜之一。在外文文獻中,有時也用該詞的半拉丁化寫法megaduke或者megadux[1]。希臘詞希臘語:μέγας(拉丁化:mega)意為「大」,而「都督」(希臘語:δούξ)之稱呼源自羅馬時代,原意為「領導人」或「將領」。
參考文獻
編輯- ^ Kazhdan (1991), p. 1330
參見
編輯資源
編輯- Angold, Michael (1997). The Byzantine Empire, 1025–1204. Longman. ISBN 0-582-29468-1.
- Bartusis, Mark C. The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204-1453. University of Pennsylvania Press. 1997. ISBN 0812216202.
- Haldon, John F. Warfare, state and society in the Byzantine world, 565-1204. Routledge. 1999. ISBN 1857284941.
- Kazhdan, Alexander (編). Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.
- Magdalino, Paul. The Empire of Manuel I Komnenos, 1143–1180. Cambridge University Press. 2002. ISBN 0-521-52653-1.
- The Immortal Emperor, by Donald Nicol.
- The Fall of Constantinople 1453, by Steven Runciman.
- Byzantium: Decline and Fall & A Short History of Byzantium, by John Julius Norwich.