頭黴素(英語:cephamycins)是一類β-內醯胺類抗生素,和頭孢菌素同屬於頭孢烯衍生物,區別在於頭黴素比頭孢菌素多一個7α位置上的甲氧基[1]

頭黴素的核心結構

頭黴素的化學結構與頭孢菌素相似,屬「非典型」β-內醯胺酶類抗生素;因其藥理特性與頭孢菌素類似,故常以頭孢命名,且不精確地歸為頭孢菌素類,但與大多數頭孢菌素不同,頭黴素是一種非常有效的抗厭氧微生物抗生素[2][3]

頭黴素最早提取自鏈黴菌屬Streptomyces),如耐內醯胺鏈黴菌Streptomyces lactamdurans),現已能進行人工合成。

例子

編輯

頭黴素包括有:

參考文獻

編輯
  1. ^ Oreste A. Mascaretti. Bacteria Versus Antibacterial Agents: An Integrated Approach. American Society Microbiology. 2003: 144. ISBN 1-55581-258-9. 
  2. ^ medscape.com. [2008-12-29]. (原始內容存檔於2017-04-06). 
  3. ^ Vitaku, E., D. T. Smith and J. T. Njardarson. Analysis of the Structural Diversity, Substitution Patterns, and Frequency of Nitrogen Heterocycles among U.S. FDA Approved Pharmaceuticals. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2014, 57: 10257–10274. doi:10.1021/jm501100b. 
  4. ^ Little PJ, Peddie BA. Clinical use of cefoxitin, a new semisynthetic cephamycin. N. Z. Med. J. July 1978, 88 (616): 46–9. PMID 279853. 
  5. ^ Clarke AM, Zemcov SJ. Antibacterial activity of the cephamycin cefotetan: an in-vitro comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 11. January 1983, Suppl: 67–72. PMID 6404881. doi:10.1093/jac/11.suppl_A.67. 
  6. ^ Benlloch M, Torres A, Soriano F. Cefmetazole (CS-1170): a new cephamycin with activity against gram-negative bacilli and staphylococci. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. October 1982, 10 (4): 347–50 [2019-08-01]. PMID 6958672. doi:10.1093/jac/10.4.347. (原始內容存檔於2020-03-19).