市場無政府主義
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市場無政府主義，又稱自由市場無政府主義[1]、自由市場反資本主義 [2]，是無政府主義的一個分支，主張構建由人民自願地參與毋須國家強制介入的自由市場經濟體系。這是個體主義無政府主義[3]和放任自由社會主義[4]的一種形式，基於盛行於美利堅的互利主義及個體無政府主義所認可的經濟學理論 [2]。
自由市場無政府主義提倡無國家的、不受監管的社會和工人協會。
理念
編輯傳統上，國家職能（治安、司法與國防）、公共服務和基礎設施由國家壟斷並提供，人民有義務繳納稅金來獲得這些服務，而自由市場無政府主義者主張用自由競爭的市場取替國家對權力的壟斷，改由企業提供，人民可以自由選擇要購買的服務。自由市場無政府主義者認為在自由市場無政府狀態下，不同的競爭者可以提供更便宜的、更高品質的產品與服務。
與無政府資本主義之間的差別
編輯雖然市場無政府主義與無政府資本主義在不少方面上很相似，但是市場無政府主義者及互助主義者認為由於無政府資本主義者主張私有化所有事物（包括治安及國防），而且提倡利潤動機和完全競爭等等，因此如果無政府資本主義得到實現，最後市場仍然會被勝出的少量公司主導，故此互相主義鼓勵人們互相幫助，並且主張由工人來共同控制企業和把公共服務的管理權交給社區等等來構建真正的自由市場[5]。
參見
編輯參考文獻
編輯引用
編輯- ^ Long, Roderick T. Left-Libertarianism, Market Anarchism, Class Conflict and Historical Theories of Distributive Justice. Griffith Law Review. January 1, 2012, 21 (2): 413–431 [2024-01-22]. S2CID 143550988. doi:10.1080/10383441.2012.10854747. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-07） –透過Taylor and Francis+NEJM.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Richman, Sheldon. Libertarian Left: Free-market anti-capitalism, the unknown ideal. The American Conservative. 3 February 2011 [1 February 2023]. ISSN 1540-966X. （原始內容存檔於2023-01-01）.
- ^ Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (2011). Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty. Brooklyn: Minor Compositions/Autonomedia.
- ^ Carson, Kevin. "Socialism: A Perfectly Good Word Rehabilitated" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Center for a Stateless Society. "But there has always been a market-oriented strand of libertarian socialism that emphasizes voluntary cooperation between producers. And markets, properly understood, have always been about cooperation. As a commenter at Reason magazine's Hit&Run blog, remarking on Jesse Walker's link to the Kelly article, put it: "every trade is a cooperative act." In fact, it's a fairly common observation among market anarchists that genuinely free markets have the most legitimate claim to the label "socialism."
- ^ Williams, Paul; Muscato, Christopher. Market Anarchism Definition, Philosophy & Examples. Study.com. 2023-11-21 [2024-06-21] （英語）.
書目
編輯- Carson, Kevin. Anarchism and Markets. Jun, Nathan (編). Brill's Companion to Anarchism and Philosophy. Leiden: Brill. 2017: 81–119 [2024-01-22]. ISBN 978-90-04-35689-4. doi:10.1163/9789004356894_005. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-08）.
- Long, Roderick T. Anarchism and Libertarianism. Jun, Nathan (編). Brill's Companion to Anarchism and Philosophy. Leiden: Brill. 2017: 285–317 [2024-01-22]. ISBN 978-90-04-35689-4. doi:10.1163/9789004356894_012. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-08）.
- Long, Roderick T. The Anarchist Landscape. Chartier, Gary; Van Schoelandt, Chad (編). The Routledge Handbook of Anarchy and Anarchist Thought. New York: Routledge. 2020: 28–38. ISBN 9781315185255. S2CID 228898569. doi:10.4324/9781315185255-2.
- Vest, J. Martin. Barbarians in the Agora: American Market Anarchism, 1945–2011. Chartier, Gary; Van Schoelandt, Chad (編). The Routledge Handbook of Anarchy and Anarchist Thought. New York: Routledge. 2020: 112–125. ISBN 9781315185255. S2CID 228898569. doi:10.4324/9781315185255-8.
進一步閱讀
編輯- Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. Introduction. Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (編). Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty. Brooklyn: Autonomedia. 2011: 1–16. ISBN 978-1-57027-242-4.
- Chartier, Gary. Advocates of Freed Markets Should Oppose Capitalism. Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (編). Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty. Brooklyn: Autonomedia. 2011: 107–117. ISBN 978-1-57027-242-4.
- Chartier, Gary. Socialist Ends, Market Means. Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (編). Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty. Brooklyn: Autonomedia. 2011: 149–154. ISBN 978-1-57027-242-4.
- Johnson, Charles W. Markets Freed From Capitalism. Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (編). Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty. Brooklyn: Autonomedia. 2011: 59–81. ISBN 978-1-57027-242-4.
- Spangler, Brad. Market Anarchism as Stigmergic Socialism. Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (編). Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty. Brooklyn: Autonomedia. 2011: 85–92. ISBN 978-1-57027-242-4.