概念模型

專業領域、研究領域
上級分類	知識組織系統
所屬實體	科學模型
話題方面	本體
相對概念	物理模型

概念模型（英語：Conceptual Model）是用一組概念來描述一個系統，或用任何代替的形式來描述一個概念，以期能進一步了解或說明事物的運作原理。具體的型式可能包括思想實驗、數學模型、電腦模擬、示意圖、比例模型等。

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概述

概念模型通常用來描述真實世界中的事物或抽象概念，其價值取決於模型能不能合理地對應實際，又同時簡單明瞭地說明描述的對象。^[3]

功能

概念模型可以用在科學研究、說明、預測、整理概念等等。

科學研究

概念模型可以用來驗證假說

概念模型可以用來說明一個科學理論或假說，或是驗證某個假說是否正確。許多時候，做實驗是有困難的，所以用概念模型或預測模型代替實驗，避免物理、法律、時間、經費等限制^[4]。好的概念模型可以清楚地說明系統運行的基本原理、排除不必要的資訊。如同實驗中的控制環境，科學模型排除多餘的變因，讓因果關係變得因顯。^[5]

預測

預測模型將已知的數據套入理論中，計算出未知數。根據預測結果可以協助應對未來事件、比較不同決策的優劣等等。

說明模型

例如示意圖、教學模型、比例模型等等，用來說明一個概念。^[6]

整理概念

概念模型有時是在製作產品的前置步驟，用來管理產品的整體構造、確定系統可以運作。例如用在資訊科學的概念模型有時又稱為領域模型，主要用表示電腦程式的結構，常用的方法表示方式包括統一塑模語言。

參考文獻

^ Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, [2020-06-18], （原始內容存檔於2020-10-10）.
^ Tatomir, A.; et al. Conceptual model development using a generic Features, Events, and Processes (FEP) database for assessing the potential impact of hydraulic fracturing on groundwater aquifers. Advances in Geosciences. 2018, 45: 185–192. doi:10.5194/adgeo-45-185-2018  .
^ Gregory, Frank Hutson (January 1992) Cause, Effect, Efficiency & Soft Systems Models （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Warwick Business School Research Paper No. 42. With revisions and additions it was published in the Journal of the Operational Research Society (1993) 44(4), pp. 149–68.
^ Tolk, A. (2015). Learning something right from models that are wrong – Epistemology of Simulation. In Yilmaz, L. (Ed.) Concepts and Methodologies in Modeling and Simulation. Springer–Verlag. pp. 87–106
^ C.H. Kung, A. Solvberg, Activity Modeling and Behavior Modeling, In: T. Ollie, H. Sol, A. Verrjin-Stuart, Proceedings of the IFIP WG 8.1 working conference on comparative review of information systems design methodologies: improving the practice. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1986), pp. 145–71. Portal.acm.org. [2014-06-20].
^ Mylopoulos, J. Conceptual modeling and Telos1. Loucopoulos, P.; Zicari, R (編). Conceptual Modeling, Databases, and Case An integrated view of information systems development. New York: Wiley. : 49–68. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.83.3647  .

參見

概念
參考模型（英語：Reference model）

[MWCD-1] Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, [2020-06-18], （原始內容存檔於2020-10-10）.

[2] Tatomir, A.; et al. Conceptual model development using a generic Features, Events, and Processes (FEP) database for assessing the potential impact of hydraulic fracturing on groundwater aquifers. Advances in Geosciences. 2018, 45: 185–192. doi:10.5194/adgeo-45-185-2018  .

[3] Gregory, Frank Hutson (January 1992) Cause, Effect, Efficiency & Soft Systems Models （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Warwick Business School Research Paper No. 42. With revisions and additions it was published in the Journal of the Operational Research Society (1993) 44(4), pp. 149–68.

[4] Tolk, A. (2015). Learning something right from models that are wrong – Epistemology of Simulation. In Yilmaz, L. (Ed.) Concepts and Methodologies in Modeling and Simulation. Springer–Verlag. pp. 87–106

[Kung_and_Solveberg-5] C.H. Kung, A. Solvberg, Activity Modeling and Behavior Modeling, In: T. Ollie, H. Sol, A. Verrjin-Stuart, Proceedings of the IFIP WG 8.1 working conference on comparative review of information systems design methodologies: improving the practice. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1986), pp. 145–71. Portal.acm.org. [2014-06-20].

[Mylopoulos-6] Mylopoulos, J. Conceptual modeling and Telos1. Loucopoulos, P.; Zicari, R (編). Conceptual Modeling, Databases, and Case An integrated view of information systems development. New York: Wiley. : 49–68. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.83.3647  .

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