海盜黃金時代
海盜黃金時代是1650年代至1720年代西方海盜最猖獗的一個時期,它還可細分為三個時期:
命名
編輯1894年,英格蘭記者喬治·鮑威爾(George Powell)最早提出了「海盜黃金時代」這一概念,當時指的是17世紀後半期[1]。哲學家約翰·菲斯克在1897年提出了更加系統的說法,即指1650至1720年[2]。
20世紀的歷史學家基本沿襲菲斯克的定義[3],但也提出了自己的看法。最廣的定義涵蓋了伊麗莎白一世統治時期和18世紀後半葉[4],這與菲斯克的定義有相當大的出入,後者認為伊麗莎白時代的人物如法蘭西斯·德瑞克絕不能算入海盜黃金時代之內[5]。
參考文獻
編輯- ^ George Powell, "A Pirate's Paradise," in The Gentleman's Magazine, vol. CCLXXVI, N.S. 52, Jan-June 1894, p. 23.
- ^ John Fiske, 1897, Old Virginia and Her Neighbors, p. 338.
- ^ R.D.W. Connor, 1909, Cornelius Harnett: An Essay in North Carolina History, P. 10; Francis Hodges Cooper, 1916, "Some Colonial History of Beaufort County, North Carolina," in James Sprunt Studies in History and Political Science, v. 14, no. 2, p. 32.
- ^ Patrick Pringle, 1951, Jolly Roger: The Story of the Great Age of Piracy, p. 9 of the 2001 edition.
- ^ Fiske, p. 341-42.
- ^ David Cordingly, 1995, Under the Black Flag: The Romance and Reality of Life Among the Pirates, pp. xvi–xvii.
- ^ Marcus Rediker, 2004, Villains of All Nations, p. 8.
- Flemming, Gregory. At the Point of a Cutlass: The Pirate Capture, Bold Escape, and Lonely Exile of Philip Ashton. ForeEdge (2014) ISBN 978-1611685152
- Little, Benerson. How History's Greatest Pirates Pillaged, Plundered, and Got Away with It: the Stories, Techniques, and Tactics of the Most Feared Sea Rovers from 1500-1800. Fair Winds Press, 2011.
- Little, Benerson. The Golden Age of Piracy: the Truth Behind Pirate Myths. Skyhorse Publishing, 2016.
- Lunsford, Virginia. Piracy and Privateering in the Golden Age Netherlands, Palgrave Macmillan 2005 ISBN 1403966923, ISBN 978-1403966926
- Rediker, Marcus. Villains of all Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age. Beacon Press: Boston (2004).
- Rediker, Marcus. 「Pirates and the Imperial State.「 Reviews in American History 16.3 (1988) : 351-357
- Sherry, Frank. Raiders and Rebels the Golden Age of Piracy. Harper Perennial, 2008.
- Swanson, Carl E. 「American Privateering and Imperial Warfare, 1739–1748.」 The William and Mary Quarterly 42.3 (1985) : 357-382