端粒酶RNA組分
位於3號人類染色體的基因
端粒酶RNA組分（英語：telomerase RNA component，縮寫為TERC）或稱端粒酶RNA，是一種真核生物的非編碼RNA（ncRNA）。它是端粒酶的組成成分之一——端粒酶用它來延長端粒[2][3]。端粒酶RNA在DNA複製過程中，爲端粒的逆轉錄過程提供模板。酵母、纖毛蟲、脊椎動物的端粒酶RNA的序列和結構都有很大不同。不過，它們的5'端靠近模板序列處，都有一個假結結構。脊椎動物端粒酶RNA的3'端有一個與snoRNA（核仁RNA）類似的結構域[4][5][6]。
| 端粒酶RNA組分 Telomerase RNA component (TERC) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 端粒酶RNA組分的一部分的3D示意圖。這是人類端粒酶RNAP2b-P3假節結構的溶解結構[1]。 | |||
| 標識 | |||
| 代號 | TERC; DKCA1; PFBMFT2; SCARNA19; TR; TRC3; hTR | ||
| 擴展標識 | 遺傳學：602322 鼠基因：109558 GeneCards: TERC Gene | ||
| 直系同源體 | |||
| 物種 | 人類 | 小鼠 | |
| Entrez | 7012 | 21748 | |
| Ensembl | ENSG00000200182 | ENSMUSG00000064796 | |
| UniProt | n/a | n/a | |
| mRNA序列 | n/a | n/a | |
| 蛋白序列 | n/a | n/a | |
| 基因位置 |
Chr 3: 169.48 – 169.48 Mb |
Chr 3: 96.22 – 96.22 Mb | |
| PubMed查詢 | [1] | [2] | |
| 脊椎動物端粒酶RNA | |
|---|---|
| |
| 識別符 | |
| 代號 | Telomerase-vert |
| Rfam | RF00024 |
| 其他數據 | |
| RNA類型 | 基因 |
| 域 | 真核、病毒 |
| 纖毛蟲端粒酶RNA | |
|---|---|
| |
| 識別符 | |
| 代號 | Telomerase-cil |
| Rfam | RF00025 |
| 其他數據 | |
| RNA類型 | 基因 |
| 域 | 真核生物 |
| 釀酒酵母端粒酶RNA | |
|---|---|
| |
| 識別符 | |
| 代號 | Sacc telomerase |
| Rfam | RF01050 |
| 其他數據 | |
| RNA類型 | 基因 |
| 域 | 真核生物 |
功能 編輯
端粒酶係一類核糖核蛋白聚合酶。它通過給端粒加上重複序列來維持其長度。該重複序列在不同真核生物間有很大不同（具體可參見端粒條目中的比較表）。端粒酶除RNA外，還含有蛋白質組分（TERT，端粒酶逆轉錄酶）。端粒酶的蛋白質組分具有逆轉錄酶的活性。端粒酶的RNA組分，即端粒酶RNA，充當逆轉錄的模板。在脊椎動物端粒酶序列中，作爲模板的CCCUAA序列在50位左右出現。端粒酶的表達在細胞衰老中扮演重要角色，在成熟體細胞中，端粒酶的表達通常處於受抑制狀態，因而端粒會不斷縮短。體細胞的端粒酶表達失調可能會誘發癌變。對小鼠的研究表明，端粒酶亦參與染色體修復，因爲在雙鏈都損壞的情況下，可能需要從頭合成端粒重複序列[7]。在皰疹病毒亦發現了與端粒酶RNA同源的RNA[8]。
臨床意義 編輯
參考文獻 編輯
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- ^ Feng J, Funk WD, Wang SS, Weinrich SL, Avilion AA, Chiu CP, Adams RR, Chang E, Allsopp RC, Yu J. The RNA component of human telomerase. Science. September 1995, 269 (5228): 1236–41. PMID 7544491. doi:10.1126/science.7544491.
- ^ Jády BE, Richard P, Bertrand E, Kiss T. Cell Cycle-dependent Recruitment of Telomerase RNA and Cajal Bodies to Human Telomeres. Mol. Biol. Cell. February 2006, 17 (2): 944–54. PMC 1356602
. PMID 16319170. doi:10.1091/mbc.E05-09-0904.
- ^ McCormick-Graham, M; Romero DP. Ciliate telomerase RNA structural features. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995, 23 (7): 1091–1097. PMC 306816 . PMID 7739888. doi:10.1093/nar/23.7.1091.
- ^ Lingner, J; Hendrick LL; Cech TR. Telomerase RNAs of different ciliates have a common secondary structure and a permuted template. Genes Dev. 1994, 8 (16): 1984–1998. PMID 7958872. doi:10.1101/gad.8.16.1984.
- ^ Theimer CA, Feigon J. Structure and function of telomerase RNA. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2006, 16 (3): 307–18. PMID 16713250. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2006.05.005.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Entrez Gene: TERC telomerase RNA component. （原始內容存檔於2010-03-08）.
- ^ Fragnet, L; Kut E; Rasschaert D. Comparative functional study of the viral telomerase RNA based on natural mutations. J Biol Chem. 2005, 280 (25): 23502–23515. PMID 15811851. doi:10.1074/jbc.M501163200.
拓展閱讀 編輯
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