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User:Mikelolggmrox/sandbox/BOOM

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class="infobox" style="width:315px;border-spacing:2px;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: large;" | Overture |-

|- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | File:Boom Overture supersonic aircraft (redesigned 2022) rendering.jpg |- |colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;font-size:smaller;" |Concept art of Boom Overture in flight |-

类型 Supersonic airliner原产国 United States制造商 Boom Technology状态 Under development |}The Boom Overture is a proposed Mach 1.7（1,100 kn；2,100 km/h；1,300 mph）[convert: 無效的選項], 65–88 passenger supersonic airliner with 4,250 nmi（7,870 km；4,890 mi） of range, which is planned to be introduced in 2029 by Boom Technology.[1] The company claims that with 500 viable routes, there could be a market for 1,000 supersonic airliners with business class fares. It had gathered 76 commitments by December 2017. The aircraft is planned to have a delta wing configuration (similar to the Concorde), but will be built with composite materials. Following a redesign revealed in 2022 it is intended to be powered by four dry (non-afterburning) 15,000—20,000 lbf（67—89 kN） turbofans.[2] Regulations for takeoff noise or overland boom can be met or changed.[3]

Market

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The company says five hundred daily routes would be viable: at Mach 1.7 over water, New York/Newark and London would be 3 hours and 30 minutes apart; Newark and Frankfurt would be 4 hours apart. With 4,500 nmi（8,300 km） range, transpacific flights would require a refueling stop: San Francisco and Tokyo would be 6 hours apart.[4][5] There could be a market for 1,000 supersonic airliners by 2035.[5] Boom targets a $200 million price, not discounted and excluding options and interior, in 2016 dollars. The company claims that operational costs per premium available seat mile will be lower than subsonic wide-body aircraft.[6] The Boom factory will be sized to assemble up to 100 aircraft per year for a 1,000- to 2,000-aircraft potential market over 10 years.[7]Boom targets $5,000 fares for a New York-to-London round-trip, while the same on Concorde cost $20,000 adjusted for inflation; it was its only profitable route.[8] The same fuel burn enables fares similar to subsonic business class among other factors.[7] For long-range routes like San Francisco–Tokyo and Los Angeles–Sydney, 30 lie-flat first-class seats could be proposed alongside 15 business-class seats.[9]

In March 2016, Richard Branson confirmed that Virgin Group holds options for 10 aircraft, and Virgin Galactic's subsidiary The Spaceship Company will aid in manufacturing and testing the jet.[10] An unnamed European carrier also holds options for 15 aircraft; the two deals total 5 billion dollars.[11] At the 2017 Paris Air Show, 51 commitments were added for a backlog of 76 with significant deposits.[9] In December 2017, Japan Airlines was confirmed to have pre-ordered up to 20 jets among the commitments to 76 from five airlines.[3] Boom CEO Blake Scholl thinks 2,000 supersonic jets will connect 500 cities and promises £2,000 for London to New York one-way, comparable with existing subsonic business class.[12]

On June 3, 2021, United Airlines announced they had signed an agreement to purchase 15 Overture aircraft with an additional 35 options, expecting to start passenger flights by 2029.[13][14] On August 16, 2022, American Airlines announced an agreement to purchase 20 Overture aircraft with an additional 40 options.[15]

Order summary

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Boom Overture net orders
Initial date Customer Orders Options Total
March 23, 2016 Virgin Group|data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-disabled-subtle,#ececec); color: var(--color-disabled,#2c2c2c); vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na skin-invert" | - 10 10
March 23, 2016 data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-disabled-subtle,#ececec); color: var(--color-disabled,#2c2c2c); vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na skin-invert" | - 10 15
June 20, 2017 data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-disabled-subtle,#ececec); color: var(--color-disabled,#2c2c2c); vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na skin-invert" | - 51 51
December 5, 2017 Japan Airlines|data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-disabled-subtle,#ececec); color: var(--color-disabled,#2c2c2c); vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center; " class="table-na skin-invert" | - 20 20
June 3, 2021 United Airlines 15 35 50
August 16, 2022 American Airlines 20 40 60
Totals 35 171 206

Development

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By March 2016, the company had created concept drawings and wooden mockups of parts of the aircraft.[16]

In October 2016, the design was stretched to 155英尺（47米） to seat up to 50 passengers with ten extra seats, its wingspan marginally increased, and a third engine was added to enable ETOPS with up to a 180 minutes diversion time.[17] The plane could seat 55 passengers in a higher-density configuration.[18]

Boom initially targeted a Mach 2.2 cruise speed to fit with transoceanic airline timetables and allow higher utilization, while keeping airport noise to Stage 4, similar to subsonic long-range aircraft.[19] The plane configuration was intended to be locked in late 2019 to early 2020 for a launch with engine selection, supply chain, production site.[19] Development and certification of the airliner and its engine were estimated at $6 billion, requiring Series C investors.[19] Enough money was raised in the B round of fundraising to be able to hit key milestones, including flying the demonstrator (XB-1) to prove the technology, building up an order backlog, finding key suppliers for engines, aerostructures, and avionics, and lay out the certification process, with many special conditions but with precedents.[19]

At the June 2019 Paris Air Show, Boom CEO Blake Scholl announced the introduction of the Overture was delayed from 2023 to the 2025–2027 timeframe, following a two-year test campaign with six aircraft.[20] In September 2020, the company announced that they have been contracted by the United States Air Force to develop the Overture for possible use as Air Force One.[21]

On October 7, 2020, Boom publicly unveiled its XB-1 demonstrator, which it planned to fly for the first time in 2021 from Mojave Air and Space Port, California. It expected to begin wind tunnel tests for the Overture in 2021, and start construction of a manufacturing facility in 2022, with the capacity to produce 5 to 10 aircraft monthly. The first Overture would be unveiled in 2025, with the aim of achieving type certification by 2029.[22] Flights should be available in 2030, as estimated by Blake Scholl.[23]

Boom currently targets a slower Mach 1.7 cruise.[24] In January 2022, Boom announced a grant of US$60m from the US Air Force’s AFWERX program to further develop the Boom Overture supersonic airliner.[25] In July 2022, Boom announced a partnership with Northrop Grumman to develop a 'special mission' variant for the U.S. Government and its allies.[2]

On July 19, 2022, Boom unveiled a revised proposal for the production version of the Overture at the Farnborough Airshow. This version has four engines and a tailed delta wing.[2]

On December 13, 2022, Boom announced that it would develop its own turbofan engine after "Big Three" engine manufacturers Rolls-Royce, Pratt & Whitney and General Electric, as well as CFM and Safran previously declined to develop a new engine due to high capital costs.[26][27][28][29] Named Symphony, (see § Engines below) the engine will be developed under partnership with three entities: Kratos subsidiary Florida Turbine Technologies for engine design; StandardAero for maintenance; and General Electric subsidiary GE Additive for consulting on printing components.[30]

Design

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Overture's wing configuration is a conventional compound delta for low supersonic drag, designed to be like a 75% scale model of Concorde. It features no low sonic boom unlike the SAI Quiet Supersonic Transport (QSST), or laminar supersonic flow technology from the Aerion AS2.[31] Due to the low 1.5 wing aspect ratio, low-speed drag is high, and the aircraft requires high thrust at take-off.[31] Boom also needs to address the nose-up attitude on landing.[31] Airframe maintenance costs are expected to be similar to those of other carbon fiber airliners.[5] The Overture should operate at a quarter of the costs of Concorde by relying on dry (no afterburner) engines, composite structures, and improved technology since Concorde's development.[3] The 55-seat airliner would weigh 77,100 kg (170,000 lb)[8] It should be 170英尺（52米） long by 60英尺（18米） wide and could accommodate 45 passengers, including 10 in first class or 55 with a 75英寸（190 cm） seat pitch.[32] In 2021, Boom presents a longer length of 205 ft (62 m) with a capacity of 65 to 88.[24] Changes to maximum take-off weight or required engine thrust are not disclosed.The FAA and ICAO are working on a sonic boom standard to allow supersonic flights overland.[33] NASA plans to fly its Low Boom Flight Demonstrator for the first time in 2022 to assess public acceptability of a 75 PNLdB boom, lower than Concorde's 105 PNLdB.[33] The Overture is expected to not be louder at takeoff than current airliners like the Boeing 777-300ER.[33] Supersonic jets could be exempted from the FAA takeoff noise regulations, reducing their fuel consumption by 20–30% by using narrower engines optimized for acceleration over limiting noise.[3] In 2017, Honeywell and NASA tested predictive software and cockpit displays showing the sonic booms en route, to minimize its disruption overland.[32]

Design changes announced in July 2022 included an increase in the number of engines to four to allow for smaller less technically challenging engines and to allow takeoff at derated levels to lower noise, and redesigned gull form wing and fuselage to reduce drag.[2]

Engines

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主条目：Boom Symphony

The Boom Symphony is a two-spool medium-bypass turbofan engine under development for use on Overture. The engine is designed to produce 35,000 pounds (160 kN) of thrust at takeoff and sustain Overture supercruise at Mach 1.7, and burn sustainable aviation fuel exclusively.[34]

Development of the engine will be conducted in partnership with Kratos subsidiary Florida Turbine Techonologies for engine design, General Electric subsidiary GE Additive for additive manufacturing consulting, and StandardAero for maintenance. Boom aims for initial production of the engine to begin in 2024 at the Overture factory at Greensboro, North Carolina.[34][35][36]

Specifications

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参考资料：Boom[24]

基本信息

  • 容量：65 to 80 passengers
  • 長度：201英尺（61米）
  • 翼展：60[32]英尺（18米）
  • 最大起飛重量：170,000[8]英磅（77,111公斤）
  • 发动机：4台medium-bypass turbofans，每台15,000—20,000[3]英磅力（67—89千牛頓）推力

性能

  • 最大速度：1.7 (2,083 km/h)馬赫
  • 航程：4,250海里（4,891英里；7,871公里）
  • Balanced Field Length: 10,000 ft (3,048 m)[37]

See also

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相关开发

相关列表

References

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  1. ^ Boom - Overture. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Norris, Guy. Boom Unveils New Look Overture and Northrop Grumman Partnership. aviationweek.com. July 19, 2022 [July 19, 2022]. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Stephen Trimble. JAL invests heavily in supersonic Boom. Flightglobal. 5 Dec 2017. 
  4. ^ United Adding Supersonic Speeds with New Agreement to Buy Aircraft from Boom Supersonic (新闻稿). United Airlines. 3 June 2021. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Aaron Karp. Boom CEO sees market for 1,000 supersonic passenger jets by 2035. Air Transport World (Aviation Week). May 3, 2017. 
  6. ^ What does the airplane cost?. FAQ. Boom. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Dominic Perry. Boom Supersonic to pick engines in 2018. Flightglobal. 13 Nov 2017. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Stephen Trimble. Boom to make a big noise at show about shortening long-haul travel. Flightglobal. 11 Nov 2017. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Stephen Trimble. Boom Aerospace unveils design for XB-1 demonstrator. Flightglobal. June 20, 2017. 
  10. ^ Kokalitcheva, Kia. This Startup Is Developing Supersonic Planes for Virgin Group. Fortune. 23 March 2016. 
  11. ^ Boom, the startup that wants to build supersonic planes, just signed a massive deal with Virgin. TechCrunch (Oath Tech Network). 23 March 2016. 
  12. ^ Tom Batchelor. Supersonic jets linking 'hundreds' of cities with ultra-fast flights will be 'affordable for all', plane maker insists.. The Independent. 23 July 2018. 
  13. ^ United Airlines [@United]. We're the first U.S. airline to sign an agreement for @boomaero's ‘Overture’ airliners which are expected to be net-zero carbon and connect 500+ cities in nearly half the time. Taking off in 2029: boomsupersonic.com/united #BoomSupersonic (推文) –通过Twitter.  Missing or empty |date= (help)
  14. ^ Linanne, Ciara. United Airlines to add 15 Boom 'Overture' supersonic airliners to fleet. Market Watch. 3 June 2021 [4 June 2021]. 
  15. ^ American Airlines Announces Agreement to Purchase Boom Supersonic Overture Aircraft, Places Deposit on 20 Overtures. news.aa.com. [2022-08-16] （美国英语）. 
  16. ^ Szondy, David. Can Boom bring back supersonic flight without the astronomical price tag?. Gizmodo. March 22, 2016 [March 22, 2016]. 
  17. ^ Potential Mach 2.2 Airliner Market Pegged At $260 Billion. Aviation Week. October 12, 2016. 
  18. ^ Guy Norris. 'Baby Boom' Supersonic Demonstrator Unveiled. Aviation Week. November 15, 2016. 
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Graham Warwick. Boom Advances Overture Supersonic Airliner As Demonstrator Takes Shape. Aviation Week & Space Technology. Jan 23, 2019. 
  20. ^ Greg Waldron. Boom XB-1 schedule slips, while JAL eyes Overture. flightglobal. 19 June 2019. 
  21. ^ Cook, Marc. Boom Enters Supersonic Air Force One Race. AVweb. 8 September 2020 [14 September 2020]. 
  22. ^ Hemmerdinger, Jon. Boom rolls out XB-1 supersonic demonstrator, lays out Overture timeline. Flight Global. October 7, 2020 （英语）. 
  23. ^ Jon Hersey. Reinventing Flight: An Interview with Blake Scholl. The Objective Standard. October 7, 2020. 
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Overture. Boom Supersonic. [4 June 2021]. 
  25. ^ Eric Berger. US Air Force spends $60 million on supersonic commercial airliner. ArsTechnica. 2022-01-27. 
  26. ^ Guy Norris. Boom Focuses On Derivative Engines For Supersonic Airliner Plan. Aviation Week & Space Technology. Jul 10, 2018. 
  27. ^ Hemmerdinger, Jon. Engine makers sound downbeat on supersonic, leaving Boom in a bind", Flight Global. (retrieved 19 October 2022)
  28. ^ Hamilton, Scott. "Pontifications: No engines, billions shy, devastating enviro analysis, Boom’s CEO still exudes optimism", Leeham News, 20 September 2022. (retrieved 19 October 2022)
  29. ^ Pilar Wolfsteller, Pilar. "CFM will not develop engine for supersonic ‘niche’ market: CEO", Flight Global, (Subscription only).(retrieved 19 October 2022)
  30. ^ Rains, Taylor. Supersonic jet startup Boom says it will create its own engine with 3 partners after every major manufacturer refused to help. Business Insider. [2022-12-14] （美国英语）. 
  31. ^ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Bjorn Fehrm. Will Boom succeed where Concorde failed?. Leeham News. November 17, 2016. 
  32. ^ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Sean Broderick. Boom Lands Japan Air Lines as Major Investor, Customer. AIN. December 5, 2017. 
  33. ^ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Guy Norris. JAL Options Up to 20 Boom Supersonic Airliners. Aviation Week & Space Technology. Dec 5, 2017. 
  34. ^ 34.0 34.1 Boom Supersonic announces Symphony™, the sustainable and cost-efficient engine for Overture. Boom Supersonic (新闻稿). 2022-12-13 [2022-12-14] （英语）. 
  35. ^ Ganapavaram, Abhijith. Boom taps Kratos to power supersonic plane Overture, delays rollout. Reuters. 2022-12-13 [2022-12-14] （英语）. 
  36. ^ Coldewey, Devin. Boom takes the wraps off its supersonic Symphony engine design. TechCrunch. 2022-12-13 [2022-12-14] （美国英语）. 
  37. ^ Airliner. Boom Technology. 
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Template:Boom aircraft Template:Supersonic transport

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