冠状病毒刺突蛋白

刺突糖蛋白(spike (S) glycoprotein)[2]又称刺突蛋白[3]棘蛋白S蛋白,旧名 E2[4],是冠状病毒中最大的一种结构蛋白[5],其功能为负责病毒进入英语Viral entry宿主细胞,在病毒感染期间介导受体识别、细胞附着和融合[6]

Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1
Illustration of a SARS-CoV-2 virion
严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的外部结构模型,当中的球状物为原子[1]
蓝色:套膜
青色:  刺突蛋白 (S)
红色:封套蛋白英语coronavirus envelope protein (E)
绿色:膜蛋白英语coronavirus membrane protein (M)
橙色:聚糖
鉴定
标志CoV_S1
PfamPF01600旧版
InterPro英语InterProIPR002551
Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2
鉴定
标志CoV_S2
PfamPF01601旧版
InterPro英语InterProIPR002552
Betacoronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, receptor binding
鉴定
标志bCoV_S1_RBD
PfamPF09408旧版
InterPro英语InterProIPR018548
Betacoronavirus-like spike glycoprotein S1, N-terminal
鉴定
标志bCoV_S1_N
PfamPF16451旧版
InterPro英语InterProIPR032500

由于刺突蛋白可结合成蛋白三聚体,此时可以看到病毒体表面有突出的大结构,称为“刺突”[4][5][7]或“棘突”[8]

刺突糖蛋白可以与细胞表面受体相互作用,然后病毒膜和细胞膜就会融合,最终导致病毒进入宿主细胞英语Viral entry。刺突糖蛋白具有高度免疫原性。人们从严重急性呼吸系统综合征2019冠状病毒病疫情康复的患者中发现了专门针对刺突糖蛋白的抗体[9]

参考文献

编辑
  1. ^ Solodovnikov, Alexey; Arkhipova, Valeria. Достоверно красиво: как мы сделали 3D-модель SARS-CoV-2 [Truly beautiful: how we made the SARS-CoV-2 3D model]. N+1. 29 July 2021 [30 July 2021]. (原始内容存档于30 July 2021) (俄语). 
  2. ^ Shen S, Tan T H P, Tan Y J. Expression, glycosylation, and modification of the spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS CoV[J]. Glycovirology Protocols, 2007: 127-135.
  3. ^ Deng, X.; Baker, S.C. Coronaviruses: Molecular Biology (Coronaviridae). Encyclopedia of Virology. 2021: 198–207. ISBN 9780128145166. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-814515-9.02550-9. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Masters, Paul S. The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses. Advances in Virus Research. 2006, 66: 193–292. ISBN 9780120398690. PMC 7112330 . PMID 16877062. doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66005-3. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Wang, Yuhang; Grunewald, Matthew; Perlman, Stanley. Coronaviruses: An Updated Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis. Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology 2203. 2020: 1–29. ISBN 978-1-0716-0899-9. PMC 7682345 . PMID 32833200. doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0900-2_1. 
  6. ^ Huang, Y., Yang, C., Xu, Xf. et al. Structural and functional properties of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: potential antivirus drug development for COVID-19. Acta Pharmacol Sin 41, 1141–1149 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-020-0485-4
  7. ^ Zhu, Chaogeng; He, Guiyun; Yin, Qinqin; Zeng, Lin; Ye, Xiangli; Shi, Yongzhong; Xu, Wei. Molecular biology of the SARs‐CoV‐2 spike protein: A review of current knowledge. Journal of Medical Virology. 14 June 2021, 93 (10): 5729–5741. PMC 8427004 . PMID 34125455. doi:10.1002/jmv.27132. 
  8. ^ 存档副本. [2022-06-03]. (原始内容存档于2022-02-12). 
  9. ^ V’kovski, Philip; Kratzel, Annika; Steiner, Silvio; Stalder, Hanspeter; Thiel, Volker. Coronavirus biology and replication: implications for SARS-CoV-2. Nature Reviews Microbiology. March 2021, 19 (3): 155–170. PMC 7592455 . PMID 33116300. doi:10.1038/s41579-020-00468-6.