维基百科

奥氏栉龙属

（重定向自奧氏櫛龍）
此条目页的主题是独立的属奥氏栉龙属（Augustynolophus）。关于栉龙属的模式种奥氏栉龙（Saurolophus osborni），请见“栉龙属”。

奥氏栉龙属（属名：Augustynolophus）是一属栉龙亚科的鸭嘴龙科恐龙，发现于加州的莫雷诺组（英语：Moreno Formation）（Moreno Formation），[1]年代为马斯特里赫特阶，使它成为白垩纪-古近纪灭绝事件前最后存在的恐龙。[2]

奥氏栉龙属
化石时期：白垩纪晚期，70–66 Ma
▼
正模标本的头骨
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目： 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目： †鸟臀目 Ornithischia
亚目： †鸟脚亚目 Ornithopoda
科： †鸭嘴龙科 Hadrosauridae
亚科： †栉龙亚科 Saurolophinae
属： †奥氏栉龙属 Augustynolophus
Prieto-Márquez et al., 2014
模式种
†莫氏奥氏栉龙
Augustynolophus morrisi
Prieto-Márquez et al., 2014
异名
  • 莫氏栉龙 Saurolophus morrisi
    (Prieto-Márquez, 2013)

发现历史

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胸部和肢体材料

属名纪念赞助洛杉矶博物馆的奥古斯汀（Augustyn）家族，加上字尾-lophus意指它和栉龙的关系，种名纪念古生物学家威廉·莫里斯（William Morris）[3]，最初被叙述成栉龙的一个种：莫氏栉龙（Saurolophus morrisi）[4][5]，然而在经过更深入的研究后，发现它在颅骨结构上与栉龙族的其他物种：奥氏栉龙[6][7][8]、窄吻栉龙[9][10]、巨原栉龙有很大差异，足以自成一属。[11]

所有已知的奥氏栉龙标本发现都局限于加州，该州属于拉腊米迪亚古陆的一部分，是世界著名的恐龙化石点之一。[12]目前有两个已知的奥氏栉龙标本：正模标本LACM / CIT 2852出土于1943年，由大部分头骨（包含齿骨和前齿骨）、脊椎、四肢和手部组成；第二具标本LACM / CIT 2760发现于1939年，由头骨和四肢组成。根据较小的体型，推测可能是青少年个体。[5][13]这是来自美国西海岸的三种已知的恐龙之一，另外两种分别是坎潘阶的漂泊甲龙[14]、和来自华盛顿州的未叙述暴龙科[15]。但在加州和邻近地区也发现了未定的鸭嘴龙类遗骸。[16][17]

2017年9月，奥氏栉龙被指定为加州的州恐龙。[18]

叙述

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生命复原与体型比例

如同所有鸭嘴龙类，奥氏栉龙是植食性恐龙，并有特化于咀嚼食物的齿系。[19]

古生态学

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脸部和下颌材料

拉腊米迪亚海岸省份的恐龙所知甚少[20]，如同西部内陆海道对面阿帕拉契亚古陆（英语：Appalachia (landmass)）的情况。美西拥有丰富的化石发现和历史，最著名的例子有地狱溪组（Hell Creek Formation）及双麦迪逊组（英语：Two Medicine Formation）（Two Medicine Formation）。[21]然而美西海岸和阿帕拉契亚一样，陆生动物（主要是恐龙）并未被妥善的研究也不知名。

尽管加州恐龙罕见的事实，但莫雷诺组是加州研究最深入的中生代地层之一，并以大量海相化石闻名[22][23][24][25]。与奥氏栉龙生活于同一地区的生物包括了龟、沧龙、蛇颈龙及辐鳍鱼类[26]。其中生活于莫雷诺组的龟包括王龟属（英语：Basilemys）及甲尾龟属（英语：Osteopygis）[27]；沧龙类包括倾齿龙属、大洋龙属、近瘤龙属及浮龙属[28]；蛇颈龙包括费雷斯诺龙属、莫雷诺龙属（英语：Morenosaurus）、海泡龙属及水怪龙属[29][30][31]；辐鳍鱼类则包括邦鱼属及蜥齿鱼属（英语：Saurodon）[32]。

参考资料

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  1. ^ Sues, H.D.; Bell, P.R.; Evans, D.C. Revision of the status of Saurolophus (Hadrosauridae) from California, USA.. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2010, 47 (11): 1417–1426. doi:10.1139/e10-062. 
  2. ^ Lehman, T.M. Late Maastrichtian paleoenvironments and dinosaur biogeography in the western interior of North America. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 1987, 60: 189–217. doi:10.1016/0031-0182(87)90032-0. 
  3. ^ Prieto-Márquez, Albert; Wagner, Jonathan R.; Bell, Phil R.; Chiappe, Luis M. The late-surviving 'duck-billed' dinosaur Augustynolophus from the upper Maastrichtian of western North America and crest evolution in Saurolophini. Geological Magazine. 2014, 152 (2): 225–241. Bibcode:2015GeoM..152..225P. doi:10.1017/S0016756814000284. 
  4. ^ Morris, W.J. California dinosaurs. Bottjer, DJ; Colburn, IP; Cooper, JD (编). Late Cretaceous Depositional Environments and Paleogeography, Santa Ana Mountains, Southern California. Los Angeles: Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. 1982. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Prieto-Márquez, A.; Wagner, J.R. A new species of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of the Pacific coast of North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2013, 58 (2): 255–268. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0049. 
  6. ^ Brown, B. A crested dinosaur from the Edmonton Cretaceous. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History: 131–136. 1912. 
  7. ^ Brown, B. The skeleton of Saurolophus, a crestedduck-billed dinosaur from the Edmonton Cretaceous. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 1913, 32: 387–393. 
  8. ^ Bell, P.R. Redescription of the skull of Saurolophus osborni Brown 1912 (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae). Cretaceous Research. February 2011, 32 (1): 30–44. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.10.002. 
  9. ^ Bell, P.R. Standardized terminology and potential taxonomic utility for hadrosaurid skin impressions: a case study for Saurolophus from Canada and Mongolia. PLOS ONE. 3 February 2012, 7 (2): e31295. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...731295B. PMC 3272031  . PMID 22319623. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031295. 
  10. ^ Bell, P.R. Cranial Osteology and Ontogeny of Saurolophus angustirostris from the late Cretaceous of Mongolia with comments on Saurolophus osborni from Canada. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2011, 56 (4): 703–722. doi:10.4202/app.2010.0061. 
  11. ^ McGarrity, Christopher T.; Campione, Nicolas E.; Evans, David C. Cranial anatomy and variation in Prosaurolophus maximus (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 27 March 2013, 167 (4): 531–568. doi:10.1111/zoj.12009. 
  12. ^ Scott D. Sampson; Mark A. Loewen; Andrew A. Farke; Eric M. Roberts; Catherine A. Forster; Joshua A. Smith; Alan L. Titus. Stepanova, Anna , 编. New Horned Dinosaurs from Utah Provide Evidence for Intracontinental Dinosaur Endemism. PLOS ONE. 2010, 5 (9): e12292. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...512292S. PMC 2929175  . PMID 20877459. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012292. 
  13. ^ Hilton, Richard. Dinosaurs and Other Mesozoic Reptiles of California. University of California Press. 2003: 264. 
  14. ^ Ford, T.L. 12. Carlsbad Ankylosaur (Ornithischia, Ankylosauria): An Ankylosaurid and Not a Nodosaurid.= 1st. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. 1 October 2001: 239–258 [22 September 2016]. ISBN 978-0253339645. 
  15. ^ Peecook, Brandon; Sidor, Christian. The First Dinosaur from Washington State and a Review of Pacific Coast Dinosaurs from North America. PLOS ONE. May 2015, 10 (5): e0127792. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1027792P. PMC 4439161  . PMID 25993090. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127792. 
  16. ^ Morris, W.J. A review of Pacific coast hadrosaurs. Journal of Paleontology. May 1973, 47 (3): 551–561. 
  17. ^ HARPER, HILLIARD. Dinosaur Skeleton Found at Carlsbad Site. Los Angeles Times. 20 May 1987 [24 September 2016]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-19）. 
  18. ^ Blume, Howard. California gets its own official state dinosaur. Los Angeles Times. 23 September 2017 [2020-11-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-02）. 
  19. ^ Galton, P.M. The cheeks of ornithischian dinosaurs. Lethaia. 1973, 6 (1): 67–89. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1973.tb00873.x. 
  20. ^ Tan, X.; Kodama, K.P. Compaction‐corrected inclinations from southern California Cretaceous marine sedimentary rocks indicate no paleolatitudinal offset for the Peninsular Ranges terrane. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 1998, 103 (B11): 27169–27192. Bibcode:1998JGR...10327169T. doi:10.1029/98jb02343. 
  21. ^ Switek, Brian. The Dinosaurs of California's Lost World. KCET. 2016-05-17 [17 May 2016]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-08）. 
  22. ^ Ford, K.W. Stratigraphic positions of marine reptile and dinosaur specimens in the Moreno Formation, in the Tumey Hills and Panoche Hills, Fresno County, California. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 2006, 35: 407–410. 
  23. ^ Popenoe, W.P. Southern California Cretaceous formations and faunas with especial reference to the Simi Hills and Santa Monica Mountains. Cretaceous Stratigraphy of the Santa Monica Mountains and Simi Hills, Southern California. Pacific Section, SEPM, Geological Guidebook, los Angeles, California. 1973: 15–20. 
  24. ^ Reeside, J.B. Paleoecology of the Cretaceous seas of the Western Interior of the United States. Geological Society of America Memoirs. 1957, 67: 505–542. doi:10.1130/MEM67V2-p505. 
  25. ^ Stock, C. Occurrence of Cretaceous reptiles in the Moreno shales of the Southern Coast Ranges, California (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1939, 25 (12): 617–620 [2020-11-07]. PMC 1077983  . PMID 16588308. doi:10.1073/pnas.25.12.617. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-12-02）. 
  26. ^ Ford, Kerry. Stratigraphic positions of marine reptile and dinosaur specimens in the Moreno Formation, in the Tumey Hills and Panoche Hills, Fresno County, California. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 2006, 35: 407–410 [2024-03-21]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-21）. 
  27. ^ E., Foster, David. Osteopygis Sp., a marine turtle from the late Cretaceous Moreno formation of California. Museum of Paleontology, University of California. 1980. OCLC 833332950. 
  28. ^ LINDGREN, JOHAN; SCHULP, ANNE S. New material ofPrognathodon(Squamata: Mosasauridae), and the mosasaur assemblage of the Maastrichtian of California, U.S.A.. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. September 2010, 30 (5): 1632–1636. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 131124198. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.501444. 
  29. ^ O’Gorman, Jose P. Elasmosaurid phylogeny and paleobiogeography, with a reappraisal of Aphrosaurus furlongi from the Maastrichtian of the Moreno Formation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2019-09-03, 39 (5): e1692025. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 215756238. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1692025. 
  30. ^ O'Gorman, José P. Reappraisal of Fresnosaurus drescheri (Plesiosauria; Elasmosauridae) from the Maastrichtian Moreno Formation, California, USA. Cretaceous Research. December 2016, 68: 9–20. ISSN 0195-6671. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.07.009. 
  31. ^ Stock, Chester. Occurrence of Cretaceous Reptiles in the Moreno Shales of the Southern Coast Ranges, California. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. December 1939, 25 (12): 617–620. Bibcode:1939PNAS...25..617S. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1077983  . PMID 16588308. doi:10.1073/pnas.25.12.617  . 
  32. ^ Friedman, Matt; Shimada, Kenshu; Everhart, Michael J.; Irwin, Kelly J.; Grandstaff, Barbara S.; Stewart, J. D. Geographic and stratigraphic distribution of the Late Cretaceous suspension-feeding bony fishBonnerichthys gladius(Teleostei, Pachycormiformes). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. January 2013, 33 (1): 35–47. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 128958842. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.713059. 
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