氯胍

氯胍
临床资料
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）	Paludrine, others
其他名称	chlorguanide, chloroguanide
AHFS/Drugs.com	Micromedex详细消费者药物信息
给药途径	口服给药
ATC码	P01BB01 (WHO) P01BB51, P01BB52;
法律规范状态
法律规范	处方药（℞-only）;
药物动力学数据
血浆蛋白结合率	75%
药物代谢	肝脏 (CYP2C19)
代谢产物	环氯胍和4-氯苯基双胍
生物半衰期	12–21 小时
识别信息
	IUPAC命名法 1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]-2-propan-2-ylguanidine; ;
CAS号	500-92-5
PubChem CID	4923;
DrugBank	DB01131 ;
ChemSpider	4754 ;
UNII	S61K3P7B2V;
KEGG	D08428 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:8455 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1377 ;
CompTox Dashboard（英语：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID3022794 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.007.196
化学信息
化学式	C11H16ClN5
摩尔质量	253.73 g·mol−1
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））	交互式图像;
熔点	129 °C（264 °F）
	SMILES Clc1ccc(NC(=N/C(=N/C(C)C)N)N)cc1;
	InChI InChI=1S/C11H16ClN5/c1-7(2)15-10(13)17-11(14)16-9-5-3-8(12)4-6-9/h3-7H,1-2H3,(H5,13,14,15,16,17) ; Key:SSOLNOMRVKKSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;

氯胍（Proguanil，chlorguanide，chloroguanide）是一种治疗和预防疟疾的口服药物^[3] ^[4]^[5]。常与氯喹或阿托伐醌（英语：Atovaquone）并用^[4] ^[3]。与氯喹并用时可治疗轻度氯喹无效的疟疾（chloroquine resistant malaria）^[3]。。

副作用包括腹泻、便秘、皮疹、脱发和瘙痒^[3]。因疟疾在怀孕期症状会更严重，因此用药的好处通常大于风险^[3]。若在孕期使用，应与叶酸并用^[3]。母乳哺育期使用可能是安全的^[3]。氯胍在肝脏中代谢为活性代谢物环氯胍^[4]。

氯胍的研究始于 1945 年^[6]。名列世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单^[7]。在美国和加拿大，此药只有以阿托伐醌/氯胍（英语：Atovaquone/proguanil）的复方药形式存在^[8]。

参考文献

^ Mehlhorn H. Proguanil. Encyclopedia of Parasitology: A-M. Springer Science & Business Media. 2008: 388. ISBN 9783540489948. （原始内容存档于20 December 2016）（英语）.
^ Malarone (atovaquone/proguanil) Tablets, Pediatric Tablets. Full Prescribing Information (PDF). GlaxoSmithKline. Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. [14 July 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于20 September 2016）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 World Health Organization. WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. 2009: 199, 203. ISBN 9789241547659.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Atovaquone and Proguanil Hydrochloride. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [8 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于20 December 2016）.
^ Proguanil. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [8 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于22 January 2018）.
^ Nzila, Alexis. The past, present and future of antifolates in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2006-06-01, 57 (6): 1043–1054 [2016-11-09]. ISSN 0305-7453. PMID 16617066. doi:10.1093/jac/dkl104  . （原始内容存档于2020-02-04）（英语）.
^ World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^ Proguanil. www.medscape.com. Medscape. [8 November 2016]. （原始内容存档于9 November 2016）.

[1] Mehlhorn H. Proguanil. Encyclopedia of Parasitology: A-M. Springer Science & Business Media. 2008: 388. ISBN 9783540489948. （原始内容存档于20 December 2016）（英语）.

[2] Malarone (atovaquone/proguanil) Tablets, Pediatric Tablets. Full Prescribing Information (PDF). GlaxoSmithKline. Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. [14 July 2016]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于20 September 2016）.

[WHO2008-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 World Health Organization. WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. 2009: 199, 203. ISBN 9789241547659.

[AHFS2016-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Atovaquone and Proguanil Hydrochloride. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [8 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于20 December 2016）.

[ERC2014-5] Proguanil. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [8 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于22 January 2018）.

[6] Nzila, Alexis. The past, present and future of antifolates in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2006-06-01, 57 (6): 1043–1054 [2016-11-09]. ISSN 0305-7453. PMID 16617066. doi:10.1093/jac/dkl104  . （原始内容存档于2020-02-04）（英语）.

[WHO21st-7] World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[8] Proguanil. www.medscape.com. Medscape. [8 November 2016]. （原始内容存档于9 November 2016）.

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