美国陆军第1菲律宾步兵团
第1菲律宾步兵团（1st Filipino Infantry Regiment）是美国陆军中一支实行种族隔离制度的部队，其成员主要是来自美国本土的菲律宾裔美国人，另外还有少量曾在之前参加过1941-42年的菲律宾战役的老兵。在加州国民警卫队的支持下，该团于加利福尼亚州圣路易斯奥比斯波营地成立。该部队原本被设置为营级单位，1942年7月13 日，上级正式宣布将该部队扩充为团级单位。起初，该团于1944年被部署到了新几内亚，之后其官兵曾参加过特种部队，亦曾在日本菲律宾占领区执行任务。1945年，该团被部署至菲律宾，在这里经历了几次战斗。主要战役结束后，该团又在菲律宾驻扎了一段时间，直至1946年返回加州，最终在斯通曼营撤编[10][11][12]。
| 第1菲律宾步兵团 | |
|---|---|
 军团纹章 | |
| 存在时期 | 1942年3月4日[1] – 1946年4月10日[2] |
| 解散 | 1952[2] |
| 效忠于 |  美国 |
| 部门 |  美国陆军 |
| 规模 | 团 |
| 格言 | "Laging Una" (Always First)[3] |
| 进行曲 | "On to Bataan"[3] |
| 参与战役 | 第二次世界大战 |
| 嘉奖 | _Streamer.png){kind=small} Philippine Presidential Unit Citation[2] |
| 参战飘带 | 
|
| 指挥官 | |
| Regiment Commander | Colonel (United States) Robert H. Offley[8][9] Colonel William Robert Hamby[1] |
| 标识 | |
| Shoulder Sleeve Insignia |  |
| 特色单位徽章 |  |
参考文献
编辑- ^ 1.0 1.1 Fabros, Alex S. California's Filipino Infantry. The California State Military Museum. California State Military Department. [10 May 2011]. （原始内容存档于13 June 2011）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Statement of Service. Center of Military History. United States Army. 1 May 2011 [24 May 2011]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）.
Statement of Service. United States Army. Center of Military History. 10 May 2011 [17 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）. - ^ 3.0 3.1 Revilla, Linda A. "Pineapples," "Hawayanos," and "Loyal Americans": Local Boys in the First Filipino Infantry Regiment, US Army (PDF). Social Process in Hawai'i (University of Hawai`i at Manoa). 1996, 37: 57–73 [10 May 2011]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-08-15）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Ishikawa, Scott. New Film Depicts Filipino Regiments' Exploits. Honolulu Advertiser. 30 November 2001 [10 May 2011]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-09）.
Soldiers of the 1st and 2nd Infantry Regiments also participated in bloody combat and mop-up operations in New Guinea, Leyte, Samar, Luzon and the southern Philippines.
- ^ McKibben, Carol Lynn; Seaside History Project. Seaside. 旧金山: Arcadia Publishing. 2009: 39 [24 May 2011]. ISBN 978-0-7385-6981-9.
The 1st and 2nd Filipino Infantry Regiments trained at Fort Ord, after which they distinguished themselves in the Battle of Leyte and on the Bataan Peninsula.
- ^ Frank, Sarah. Filipinos in America
. 明尼阿波利斯: Lerner Publications. 2005: 40 [8 June 2011]. ISBN 978-0-8225-4873-7. Members of the first and second regiments also served in the parachute-naval assault to recapture the island of Corregidor in 1944
- ^ Crouchett, Lorraine Jacobs. Filipinos in California: from the days of the galleons to the present. El Cerrito, California: Downey Place Publishing House, Inc. 1983: 54 [6 September 2011]. ISBN 978-0-910823-00-5.
- ^ 1st Filipino Infantry and 2nd Filipino Infantry in Bataan, Philippines.. CriticalPast.com. 1943 [8 June 2011]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-01）.
First Commander of the 1st Filipino Infantry, Colonel Robert H Offley.
- ^ Frank, Sarah. Filipinos in America . 明尼阿波利斯: Lerner Publications. 2005: 37 [8 June 2011]. ISBN 978-0-8225-4873-7.
Robert H. Offley Filipino.
- ^ Baldoz, Rick. The Third Asiatic Invasion: Migration and Empire in Filipino America, 1898–1946. New York: NYU Press. 2011: 212 [7 June 2011]. ISBN 978-0-8147-9109-7.
- ^ Espiritu, Yen Le. Filipino American lives. 费城: Temple University Press. 1995: 17 [12 May 2011]. ISBN 978-1-56639-317-1.
- ^ McNaughton, James C. Nisei Linguists: Japanese Americans in the Military Intelligence Service During World War II. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army. 2006: 87 [26 May 2011]. ISBN 0-16-072957-2.
The War Department already had several long-serving segregated units for African Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Filipinos and established several more during 1942. The Office of War information saw propaganda value in having combat units of different nationalities. Thus during 1942 the War Department organized the 1st Filipino infantry in California and battalion-size units of Norwegians, Austrians, and Greeks.
