美國陸軍第1菲律賓步兵團
第1菲律賓步兵團（1st Filipino Infantry Regiment）是美國陸軍中一支實行種族隔離制度的部隊，其成員主要是來自美國本土的菲律賓裔美國人，另外還有少量曾在之前參加過1941-42年的菲律賓戰役的老兵。在加州國民警衛隊的支持下，該團於加利福尼亞州聖路易斯奧比斯波營地成立。該部隊原本被設置為營級單位，1942年7月13 日，上級正式宣佈將該部隊擴充為團級單位。起初，該團於1944年被部署到了新幾內亞，之後其官兵曾參加過特種部隊，亦曾在日本菲律賓佔領區執行任務。1945年，該團被部署至菲律賓，在這裏經歷了幾次戰鬥。主要戰役結束後，該團又在菲律賓駐紮了一段時間，直至1946年返回加州，最終在斯通曼營撤編[10][11][12]。
| 第1菲律賓步兵團 | |
|---|---|
 軍團紋章 | |
| 存在時期 | 1942年3月4日[1] – 1946年4月10日[2] |
| 解散 | 1952[2] |
| 效忠於 |  美國 |
| 部門 |  美國陸軍 |
| 規模 | 團 |
| 格言 | "Laging Una" (Always First)[3] |
| 進行曲 | "On to Bataan"[3] |
| 參與戰役 | 第二次世界大戰 |
| 嘉獎 | _Streamer.png){kind=small} Philippine Presidential Unit Citation[2] |
| 參戰飄帶 | 
|
| 指揮官 | |
| Regiment Commander | Colonel (United States) Robert H. Offley[8][9] Colonel William Robert Hamby[1] |
| 標識 | |
| Shoulder Sleeve Insignia |  |
| 特色單位徽章 |  |
參考文獻
編輯- ^ 1.0 1.1 Fabros, Alex S. California's Filipino Infantry. The California State Military Museum. California State Military Department. [10 May 2011]. （原始內容存檔於13 June 2011）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Statement of Service. Center of Military History. United States Army. 1 May 2011 [24 May 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-24）.
Statement of Service. United States Army. Center of Military History. 10 May 2011 [17 October 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-24）. - ^ 3.0 3.1 Revilla, Linda A. "Pineapples," "Hawayanos," and "Loyal Americans": Local Boys in the First Filipino Infantry Regiment, US Army (PDF). Social Process in Hawai'i (University of Hawai`i at Manoa). 1996, 37: 57–73 [10 May 2011]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2011-08-15）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Ishikawa, Scott. New Film Depicts Filipino Regiments' Exploits. Honolulu Advertiser. 30 November 2001 [10 May 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2012-10-09）.
Soldiers of the 1st and 2nd Infantry Regiments also participated in bloody combat and mop-up operations in New Guinea, Leyte, Samar, Luzon and the southern Philippines.
- ^ McKibben, Carol Lynn; Seaside History Project. Seaside. 三藩市: Arcadia Publishing. 2009: 39 [24 May 2011]. ISBN 978-0-7385-6981-9.
The 1st and 2nd Filipino Infantry Regiments trained at Fort Ord, after which they distinguished themselves in the Battle of Leyte and on the Bataan Peninsula.
- ^ Frank, Sarah. Filipinos in America
. 明尼阿波利斯: Lerner Publications. 2005: 40 [8 June 2011]. ISBN 978-0-8225-4873-7. Members of the first and second regiments also served in the parachute-naval assault to recapture the island of Corregidor in 1944
- ^ Crouchett, Lorraine Jacobs. Filipinos in California: from the days of the galleons to the present. El Cerrito, California: Downey Place Publishing House, Inc. 1983: 54 [6 September 2011]. ISBN 978-0-910823-00-5.
- ^ 1st Filipino Infantry and 2nd Filipino Infantry in Bataan, Philippines.. CriticalPast.com. 1943 [8 June 2011]. （原始內容存檔於2023-06-01）.
First Commander of the 1st Filipino Infantry, Colonel Robert H Offley.
- ^ Frank, Sarah. Filipinos in America . 明尼阿波利斯: Lerner Publications. 2005: 37 [8 June 2011]. ISBN 978-0-8225-4873-7.
Robert H. Offley Filipino.
- ^ Baldoz, Rick. The Third Asiatic Invasion: Migration and Empire in Filipino America, 1898–1946. New York: NYU Press. 2011: 212 [7 June 2011]. ISBN 978-0-8147-9109-7.
- ^ Espiritu, Yen Le. Filipino American lives. 費城: Temple University Press. 1995: 17 [12 May 2011]. ISBN 978-1-56639-317-1.
- ^ McNaughton, James C. Nisei Linguists: Japanese Americans in the Military Intelligence Service During World War II. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Army. 2006: 87 [26 May 2011]. ISBN 0-16-072957-2.
The War Department already had several long-serving segregated units for African Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Filipinos and established several more during 1942. The Office of War information saw propaganda value in having combat units of different nationalities. Thus during 1942 the War Department organized the 1st Filipino infantry in California and battalion-size units of Norwegians, Austrians, and Greeks.
