自由党 (巴西)
(巴西)
自由党（葡萄牙语：Partido Liberal，PL）是巴西一个右翼至极右翼的政党。该党成立于2006年，最初名为共和国党（葡萄牙语：Partido da República，PR）。2019年更名为自由党[17]。雅伊尔·博索纳罗和罗马里奥都是该党党员。
自由党 Partido Liberal | |
|---|---|
.svg){kind=logo} 自由党标志 | |
| 成立 | 2006年10月26日 |
| 合并自 | |
| 总部 | 巴西联邦区巴西利亚 |
| 党员 （2023年） | ▲761,870 |
| 意识形态 | |
| 政治立场 | 右翼[9]至极右翼[10] 历史上： 中间偏右[15]至右翼[16] |
| 参议院 | 12 / 81 |
| 众议院 | 98 / 513 |
| 州长 | 2 / 27 |
| 州议会 | 128 / 1,024 |
| 市长 | 348 / 5,568 |
| 市议会 | 3,467 / 56,810 |
| 官方网站 | |
| pl22 | |
| 巴西政治 政党 · 选举 | |
参考文献 编辑
- ^ Gustavo A. Flores-Macias, Gustavo Flores-Macias (编). After Neoliberalism?: The Left and Economic Reforms in Latin America. Oxford University Press, USA. 2012: 134 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 9780199891672. （原始内容存档于2022-10-02）.
... Lula's PT government enjoyed the congressional support of the conservative Liberal Party (PL),81 the vice ... system is fragmented but in disarray—the comparatively institutionalized party system in Brazil makes fragmentation more ...
- ^ Kristin N. Wylie (编). Party Institutionalization and Women's Representation in Democratic Brazil. Cambridge University Press. 2018: 168 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 9781108429795. （原始内容存档于2022-10-07）.
... While at the helm of the small conservative Liberal Party (PL), Pedrosa's brother suggested she help the party fill the 30 percent ...
- ^ Lee J. Alston, Marcus André Melo, Bernardo Mueller (编). Brazil in Transition: Beliefs, Leadership, and Institutional Change. Princeton University Press. 2016: 126 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 9781400880942. （原始内容存档于2022-10-02）.
To placate the suspicions of the business elites, Lula invited as his running mate a prominent politician from the conservative Liberal Party.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 PL e Prona promovem fusão. [2021-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-21）. 已忽略未知参数
|publicado=(帮助) - ^ {{cite web|url=http://pl22.com.br/partido/historia_do_pr.html%7Ctitle=:: Partido da República - 22 ::
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Partidos em números: PP e PL. Pindograma. 2020-12-08 [2021-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-09）.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Congresso em Foco. Radar do Congresso: Governismo. 2021-03-03 [2021-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-22）.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Bolsonaro to join right-wing Liberal Party for re-election campaign. The Brazilian Report. 2021-11-08 [2021-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-09） （美国英语）.
- ^ [6][7][8]
- ^ <https://brazilian.report/liveblog/2021/11/08/liberal-party-re-election-campaign （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ O que significa esquerda, direita e centro na política?. [2022-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-08）.
- ^ Reuters. Bolsonaro to join center-right PL party to take on leftist Lula. Reuters. 2021-11-08 [2022-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-06） （英语）.
- ^ Gomez Bruera, Hernan. Lula, the Workers' Party and the Governability Dilemma in Brazil. Routledge. 2013: 77.
- ^ Brazil's Bolsonaro officially joins centre-right Liberal Party. www.aljazeera.com. [2022-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-25） （英语）.
- ^ [11][12][13] [14]
- ^ [6][7][8]
- ^ Aprovada alteração do nome do Partido da República (PR) para Partido Liberal (PL). Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. 2019-05-07 [2019-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-11） （葡萄牙语）.