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扇桨龙属 化石时期：
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| 卡洛董氏扇桨龙（E. carrolldongi）编号WGSC V26020正模标本 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 爬行纲 Reptilia |
| 目： | †湖北鳄目 Hupehsuchia |
| 科： | †湖北鳄科 Hupehsuchidae |
| 属： | †扇桨龙属 Eretmorhipis Chen et al., 2015 |
| 模式种 | |
| 卡洛董氏扇桨龙 †Eretmorhipis carrolldongi Chen et al., 2015
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扇桨龙属（学名：Eretmorhipis，意思为“扇状的桨”来自古希腊语的 ερετμον，意思为“桨”，以及ῥιπίς，意思为“扇”）是湖北鳄科下已灭绝的一属，为生存于三叠纪早期中国的海生爬行动物。目前已知的扇桨龙属化石均发现于中国湖北省远安县的嘉陵江组，并于2015年发表命名其模式种卡洛董氏扇桨龙（学名：Eretmorhipis carrolldongi）。
Eretmorhipis carrolldongi is noted for its exceptionally small eyes relative to the body, platypus-like snout, and plates on its back "like a stegosaurus."
One of those specimens, the holotype WGSC V26020, had been known since 1991 and consists of the entire skeleton excluding the skull. The second specimen, IVPP V4070, is an impression of the right side of the back half of the skeleton, as well as part of the right fore limb. Two more specimens were discovered in 2018 at the same location, one of which is almost complete and includes the skull.
Eretmorhipis carrolldongi 以其相对于身体而言极小的眼睛、类似鸭嘴兽的吻部以及背部像剑龙一样的板状结构而闻名[1]。
其中一个标本，即正模标本 WGSC V26020，自1991年起已知，由除了头骨之外的整个骨架构成。第二个标本，IVPP V4070，是右侧后半部骨架的印痕，以及部分右前肢。2018年在同一地点发现了另外两个标本，其中一个几乎完整并包括头骨[2]。
描述
编辑
Eretmorhipis was a relatively small reptile, with the second specimen IVPP V4070 measuring about 1米（3.3英尺） in total body length.[3][4] It is unique among hupehsuchians in having manual and pedal digits that radiate in a fan-like shape. Like other hupehsuchians, it has three overlapping layers of armor-like osteoderms over its spine, but the osteoderms of the uppermost layer are significantly larger than they are in other hupehsuchians, each spanning the length of four vertebrae. These upper-layer osteoderms are also widely spaced. The torso of Eretmorhipis is elongated and encased in a bony tube formed from thickened ribs and gastralia, similar to the bony tube of the hupehsuchian Parahupehsuchus, but less extensive.[5]
发现史
编辑The first specimen, discovered in the 1991, was missing a head. The next, more complete, fossils were found in 2015 by Wong Cheng of the Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey.[1]
University of California, Davis paleobiologist Ryosuke Motani told The New York Times that the animal's odd features initially stunned him: “When I first saw it, I just said ‘What?!’ and didn’t speak for a while.”[1]
分类
编辑The authors of the 2015 paper that named Eretmorhipis performed a phylogenetic analysis and found that it was one of the most derived hupehsuchians, forming a clade that they called the Parahupehsuchinae with Parahupehsuchus and an unnamed polydactylous hupehsuchian. Below is a cladogram from their analysis:[5]
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参考文献
编辑- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Fleur, Nicholas St. And You Thought the Platypus Was Odd. The New York Times. 2019-01-24 [2023-06-20]. ISSN 0362-4331 （美国英语）.
- ^ Cheng, Long; Motani, Ryosuke; Jiang, Da-Yong; Yan, Chun-bo; Tintori, Andrea; Rieppel, Olivier. Early Triassic marine reptile representing the oldest record of unusually small eyes in reptiles indicating non-visual prey detection. Scientific Reports. 2019, 9 (1): 152. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9..152C. PMC 6345829
. PMID 30679783. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37754-6.
- ^ Chen, X.-H.; Motani, R.; Cheng, L.; Jiang, D.-Y.; Rieppel, O. Farke, Andrew A. , 编. A Small Short-Necked Hupehsuchian from the Lower Triassic of Hubei Province, China. PLOS ONE. 2014, 9 (12): e115244. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k5244C. PMC 4269458 . PMID 25517113. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115244 .
- ^ Li, Qiang; Liu, Jun. An Early Triassic sauropterygian and associated fauna from South China provide insights into Triassic ecosystem health. Communications Biology. 2020, 3 (1). 63. PMC 7012838 . PMID 32047220. doi:10.1038/s42003-020-0778-7 .
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Xiao-hong Chen; Ryosuke Motani; Long Cheng; Da-yong Jiang; Olivier Rieppel. A New Specimen of Carroll's Mystery Hupehsuchian from the Lower Triassic of China. PLOS ONE. May 27, 2015, 10 (5): e0126024. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1026024C. PMC 4446317 . PMID 26017585. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126024 .
外部链接
编辑- "And You Thought the Platypus Was Odd" "Trilobites," NY Times, Jan. 24, 2019
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