弗拉芒利益

弗拉芒利益
Vlaams Belang
弗拉芒利益; Vlaams Belang
	弗拉芒利益标志
领袖	汤姆·范赫里肯（英语：Tom Van Grieken）
成立	2004年11月14日
前身	弗拉芒集团
总部	Madouplein 8 bus 9; 1210 Brussels
青年组织	Vlaams Belang Jongeren
意识形态	弗拉芒民族主义; 分离主义; 民族保守主义; 社会保守主义; 欧洲怀疑主义; 右翼民粹主义
政治立场	右翼至极右翼
欧洲议会党团	无所属
官方色彩	黄色、黑色
众议院	12 / 150
参议院	3 / 40
弗拉芒议会	20 / 124
布鲁塞尔-首都大区议会	3 / 89
欧洲议会	2 / 22
官方网站
	www.vlaamsbelang.org
	比利时政治; 政党 · 选举

弗拉芒利益（荷兰语：Vlaams Belang，发音：[ˈvlaːmz bəˈlɑŋ] （^ⓘ），缩写为VB），比利时荷兰语极右翼政党，成立于2004年。由于其种族主义及反移民的言行，所有其他比利时荷语区及法语区政党均宣称不会在联合政府中与其合作。

1978年12月，弗拉芒国家党（荷兰语：Vlaams Nationale Partij）与弗拉芒人民党（荷兰语：Vlaamse Volkspartij (1977)）合并为弗拉芒集团。2004年，弗拉芒集团更名为弗拉芒利益。

党主席

2004年−2008年：弗兰克·范海克（英语：Frank Vanhecke）
2008年−2012年：布吕诺·法尔克尼尔斯（英语：Bruno Valkeniers）
2012年−2014年：赫罗尔夫·安内曼斯（英语：Gerolf Annemans）
2014年至今：汤姆·范赫里肯（英语：Tom Van Grieken）

争议

2023年12月15日，根据德国《明镜周刊》、法国《世界报》和英国《金融时报》的联合调查，一名中华人民共和国国家安全部官员收买比利时议员弗兰克·克雷耶尔曼三年多，该官员在传给克雷耶尔曼的简讯中写道“我们目的是分裂美国与欧洲的关系”，该官员也要求克雷耶尔曼协助扰乱一场有关台湾的会议，两人也讨论花钱收买一名中间人去影响一位天主教枢机主教发出不要把COVID-19政治化的警告。据报导，中国国安部的大部分间谍活动都是透过省级部门进行，而在欧洲的行动中，浙江具有“首要地位”^[9]。新闻曝光后，克雷耶尔曼所属的弗拉芒利益党已将其开除^[10]。

书目

Coffé, Hilde. The adaptation of the extreme right's discourse: the case of the Vlaams Blok. Ethical Perspectives: Journal of the European Ethics Network 12 (European Centre for Ethics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven). 2005, (2): 205–230 [2019-10-18]. （原始内容存档于2012-02-29）.
De Winter, Lieven. Casals, Xavier , 编. The Vlaams Blok and the heritage of extreme-right flemish-nationalism (PDF). The extreme right in Europe, a many faceted reality. Sabadell University. July 2004 [2020-10-09]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-02-06）.
Erik, Jan. From Vlaams Blok to Vlaams Belang: The Belgian Far-Right Renames Itself. West European Politics. May 2005, 28 (3): 493–502. doi:10.1080/01402380500085681.
Swyngedouw, Marc; Abts, Koen; Van Craaen, Maarten. Our Own People First in a Europe of Peoples: The International Policy of the Vlaams Blok. Liang, Christina Schori (编). Europe for the Europeans: the foreign and security policy of the populist radical right. Ashgate. 2007: 81–102 [2019-10-18]. ISBN 978-0-7546-4851-2. （原始内容存档于2016-12-28）.

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Wingfield, George. Belgium. Infobase Publishing. 2008: 104 [2011-12-18]. ISBN 9780791096703. （原始内容存档于2014-07-07）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nordsieck, Wolfram. Flanders/Belgium. Parties and Elections in Europe. 2019 [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-31）.
^ Thompson, Wayne C. Western Europe 2008. Stryker Post Pubns. 2008: 201. ISBN 9781887985987.
^ Bèland, Daniel. Nationalism and Social Policy. Oxford University Press. 2008: 196.
^ Belgians' pride in EU role quells euroscepticism （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. EUobserver. Published 6 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
^ Hans-Jürgen Bieling. Uneven development and 'European crisis constitutionalism', or the reasons for and conditions of a 'passive revolution in trouble'. Johannes Jäger; Elisabeth Springler (编). Asymmetric Crisis in Europe and Possible Futures: Critical Political Economy and Post-Keynesian Perspectives. Routledge. 2015: 110 [2020-05-25]. ISBN 978-1-317-65298-4. （原始内容存档于2016-06-10）.
^ Political Geography （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
p.145
Google Books.
Authors - Joe Painter and Alex Jeffery.
Published by Sage in Los Angeles, United States.
First published in 2009.
^
- Art, David. Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2011: 106–107.
- Coffé, Hilde; Dewulf, Jeroen. Wavering between Radical and Moderate: The Discourse of the Vlaams Belang in Flanders (Belgium). Doublespeak: The Rhetoric of the Far Right since 1945 (ibidem). 2014: 162–163.
- Downs, William M. Political Extremism in Democracies: Combating Intolerance. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012: 6, 85.
- Erk, Jan. From Vlaams Blok to Vlaams Belang: The Belgian Far-Right Renames Itself. West European Politics. 2005, 28 (3): 493–502. doi:10.1080/01402380500085681.
- Hainsworth, Paul. The Extreme Right in Western Europe. Routledge. 2008: 6.
- Jamin, Jérôme. Extreme-Right Discourse in Belgium: A Comparative Regional Approach. Mapping the Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe: From Local to Transnational (Routledge). 2012: 68.
- Laible, Janet. 'Back to the Future' with Vlaams Belang? Flemish Nationalism as a Modernizing Project in a Post-Modern European Union. Multiplicity of Nationalism in Contemporary Europe (Lexington Books). 2010: 136, 142.
- Leman, Johan. 'Flemish Interest' (VB) and Islamophobia: Political, legal and judicial dealings. From the Far Right to the Mainstream: Islamophobia in Party Politics and the Media (Campus Verlag). 2012: 69–90.
- Vogt, Roland. Belgium: A Nation-State without a National Identity?. European National Identities: Elements, Transitions, Conflicts (Transaction). 2014: 14.
^ 中國國家安全部收買比利時極右派議員促擾亂海外挺台會議. 中央社. 2023-12-15 [2023-12-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-17）.
^ 比利時前議員被中國收買所屬政黨開除、親俄歷史引議. 中央社. 2023-12-16 [2023-12-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-17）.

外部链接

Official web page

[gw-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Wingfield, George. Belgium. Infobase Publishing. 2008: 104 [2011-12-18]. ISBN 9780791096703. （原始内容存档于2014-07-07）.

[Nordsieck-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nordsieck, Wolfram. Flanders/Belgium. Parties and Elections in Europe. 2019 [2019-05-30]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-31）.

[wt-3] Thompson, Wayne C. Western Europe 2008. Stryker Post Pubns. 2008: 201. ISBN 9781887985987.

[4] Bèland, Daniel. Nationalism and Social Policy. Oxford University Press. 2008: 196.

[5] Belgians' pride in EU role quells euroscepticism （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. EUobserver. Published 6 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2017.

[Bieling2015-6] Hans-Jürgen Bieling. Uneven development and 'European crisis constitutionalism', or the reasons for and conditions of a 'passive revolution in trouble'. Johannes Jäger; Elisabeth Springler (编). Asymmetric Crisis in Europe and Possible Futures: Critical Political Economy and Post-Keynesian Perspectives. Routledge. 2015: 110 [2020-05-25]. ISBN 978-1-317-65298-4. （原始内容存档于2016-06-10）.

[7] Political Geography （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
p.145
Google Books.
Authors - Joe Painter and Alex Jeffery.
Published by Sage in Los Angeles, United States.
First published in 2009.

[8] 
Art, David. Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2011: 106–107.

Coffé, Hilde; Dewulf, Jeroen. Wavering between Radical and Moderate: The Discourse of the Vlaams Belang in Flanders (Belgium). Doublespeak: The Rhetoric of the Far Right since 1945 (ibidem). 2014: 162–163.

Downs, William M. Political Extremism in Democracies: Combating Intolerance. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012: 6, 85.

Erk, Jan. From Vlaams Blok to Vlaams Belang: The Belgian Far-Right Renames Itself. West European Politics. 2005, 28 (3): 493–502. doi:10.1080/01402380500085681.

Hainsworth, Paul. The Extreme Right in Western Europe. Routledge. 2008: 6.

Jamin, Jérôme. Extreme-Right Discourse in Belgium: A Comparative Regional Approach. Mapping the Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe: From Local to Transnational (Routledge). 2012: 68.

Laible, Janet. 'Back to the Future' with Vlaams Belang? Flemish Nationalism as a Modernizing Project in a Post-Modern European Union. Multiplicity of Nationalism in Contemporary Europe (Lexington Books). 2010: 136, 142.

Leman, Johan. 'Flemish Interest' (VB) and Islamophobia: Political, legal and judicial dealings. From the Far Right to the Mainstream: Islamophobia in Party Politics and the Media (Campus Verlag). 2012: 69–90.

Vogt, Roland. Belgium: A Nation-State without a National Identity?. European National Identities: Elements, Transitions, Conflicts (Transaction). 2014: 14.

[9] Art, David. Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2011: 106–107.

[10] Coffé, Hilde; Dewulf, Jeroen. Wavering between Radical and Moderate: The Discourse of the Vlaams Belang in Flanders (Belgium). Doublespeak: The Rhetoric of the Far Right since 1945 (ibidem). 2014: 162–163.

[11] Downs, William M. Political Extremism in Democracies: Combating Intolerance. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012: 6, 85.

[12] Erk, Jan. From Vlaams Blok to Vlaams Belang: The Belgian Far-Right Renames Itself. West European Politics. 2005, 28 (3): 493–502. doi:10.1080/01402380500085681.

[13] Hainsworth, Paul. The Extreme Right in Western Europe. Routledge. 2008: 6.

[14] Jamin, Jérôme. Extreme-Right Discourse in Belgium: A Comparative Regional Approach. Mapping the Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe: From Local to Transnational (Routledge). 2012: 68.

[15] Laible, Janet. 'Back to the Future' with Vlaams Belang? Flemish Nationalism as a Modernizing Project in a Post-Modern European Union. Multiplicity of Nationalism in Contemporary Europe (Lexington Books). 2010: 136, 142.

[16] Leman, Johan. 'Flemish Interest' (VB) and Islamophobia: Political, legal and judicial dealings. From the Far Right to the Mainstream: Islamophobia in Party Politics and the Media (Campus Verlag). 2012: 69–90.

[17] Vogt, Roland. Belgium: A Nation-State without a National Identity?. European National Identities: Elements, Transitions, Conflicts (Transaction). 2014: 14.

[9] 中國國家安全部收買比利時極右派議員促擾亂海外挺台會議. 中央社. 2023-12-15 [2023-12-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-17）.

[10] 比利時前議員被中國收買所屬政黨開除、親俄歷史引議. 中央社. 2023-12-16 [2023-12-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-17）.

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