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温泉 (印度哨所)

印军边防哨所

温泉（Hot Springs）[2] 印度的一个营地和边境哨所（英语：Border outpost），它位于拉达克的羌臣摩河河谷，地处中印边界附近。当地因温泉而得名。[2][3] 中国方面称之为基阿姆（Kyam，Kiam或Kayam）温泉[4][2][5][6]。

温泉
基阿姆
边境哨所
温泉在拉达克的位置
温泉
温泉
温泉在印度的位置
温泉
温泉
坐标：34°17′58″N 78°57′00″E / 34.2994°N 78.9501°E / 34.2994; 78.9501
国家 印度
一级行政区划拉达克
印度县级行政区划列城县
海拔[1]4,700 米（15,400 英尺）

1959年秋，空喀山口事件就发生在附近。当时中央后备警察部队[a]奉命来到当地建造了这个营地。 [3]施工期间，印度方面的人被中国人民解放军俘虏。10月21日，负责寻找失踪印度人的印度士兵遇到中国人民解放军，双方随即交火。9名印度士兵在交火中死亡，1名印度士兵后来因伤去世[b][5][9]1960年代，印度人在温泉附近竖立了一座警察纪念碑。[10]

备注

编辑
  1. ^ The units manning the post were called "Indo-Tibetan Border Force" but they were regular members of the CRPF.[7] The present Indo-Tibetan Border Police（英语：Indo-Tibetan Border Police） was raised later in 1962.
  2. ^ B. N. Mullik（英语：B. N. Mullik） dedicated his book "The Chinese Betrayal" to the nine policemen who lost their lives on 21 October 1959 near Hot Springs.[8]

参考文献

编辑
  1. ^ Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak (1890)，第496页.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Geological Survey of India. Lydekker: The Geology of Kashmir and Chamba Territories and the British District of Khagan. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India XXII. Government of India. 1883: 44. Gogra and Kyam"" In the Changchenmo valley near the halting place Gogra (Gokra) and Kyam (Kium) hot springs are numerous. ... The spring at Kyam has a temparture of 147° F. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Jindal, Akash. The Story of Hot Springs (PDF). Indian Police Journal. No. Special Issue on Police Martyrdom. Nov-Dec 2018: 20–33 [2020-01-04]. ISSN 0537-2429. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-31）. (p. 22) Karam Singh of ITBF was assigned the task of establishing outposts near the Chinese Occupation Line ... “Hot Springs” was barely three Km far from the site where Chinese Army had intruded. 
  4. ^ Geological Survey of India. Lydekker: The Geology of Kashmir and Chamba Territories and the British District of Khagan. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India XXII. Government of India. 1883: 44. Gogra and Kyam"" In the Changchenmo valley near the halting place Gogra (Gokra) and Kyam (Kium) hot springs are numerous. ... The spring at Kyam has a temparture of 147° F. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Notes, Memoranda and letters Exchanged and Agreements signed between The Governments of India and China (PDF). White Paper III. Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. November 1959 – March 1960 [2020-01-04]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-12-02） –通过Claude Arpi（英语：Claude Arpi）. [Chinese interrogation of Karam Singh] We established a checkpost at Kayam and we had to establish one at Shamul Lungpa. On 20th October, 1959, our two men missed. On the morning of 21st October 1959 Tyagi took 60 men and reached the hill (battle field). ... [Indian debriefing of Karam Singh] we had inadequate cover and the Chinese were in a favourable position ... five of us were made to carry the dead body of a Chinese soldier who had been killed. 
  6. ^ 中华人民共和国外交部给印度驻华大使馆的照会（1965年9月16日） [Note by the Chinese Foreign Ministry to the Indian Embassy in China (16 September 1965)]. RedChinaCn.net. 2017-08-16 [2020-01-04]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-24） （中文）. 基阿姆温泉建立哨所 
  7. ^ Martyrs of CRPF[失效链接], police.gov.in (Indian Police web site), Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  8. ^ Mullik, BN. My Years with Nehru--The Chinese Betrayal. Allied. 1971: Dedication page –通过archive.org and PAHAR. To the memory of THE NINE POLICEMEN (capitalization in text) who were killed by the Chinese near Hotsprings in Ladakh on October 21, 1959, and who, by their supreme sacrifice, made the country aware of the true nature of Communist China. 
  9. ^ Bhatnagar, R.R. Hot Springs: Saga of Heroism (PDF). Indian Police Journal. No. Special Issue on Police Martyrdom. Nov-Dec 2018: 16 [2020-01-04]. ISSN 0537-2429. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-31）. Fighting gallantly nine men laid down their lives and ten were wounded. Later on, one of the injured also succumbed to his injuries. ... Seven men were taken Prisoners of War by PLA 
  10. ^ Bhatnagar, R.R. Hot Springs: Saga of Heroism (PDF). Indian Police Journal. No. Special Issue on Police Martyrdom. Nov-Dec 2018: 14–19 [2020-01-04]. ISSN 0537-2429. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-31）. (p. 17) Ceremonial Homage being paid at Hot Springs Memorial in 1960’s (p. 18) The day 21st Oct is befittingly observed as “Police Commemoration Day” and every year, members of police forces from different parts of the country trek to Hot Springs which is currently manned by ITBP to pay homage to the brave hearts who made the supreme sacrifice on 21st October 1959. 
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