过氧乙酸

过氧乙酸
过氧乙酸	过氧乙酸
	IUPAC名; ethaneperoxoic acid
别名	过氧醋酸、过乙酸、过醋酸
识别
缩写	PAA
CAS号	79-21-0
PubChem	6585
ChemSpider	6336
SMILES	CC(=O)OO;
InChI	1/C2H4O3/c1-2(3)5-4/h4H,1H3;
InChIKey	KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYAD
RTECS	SD8750000
KEGG	D03467
性质
化学式	C2H4O3
摩尔质量	76.05 g·mol⁻¹
外观	无色液体
密度	1.13 g/ml (液态)
熔点	0.1 °C
沸点	105 °C
pKa	8.20
黏度	3.280
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

过氧乙酸（俗名过醋酸，英文：Peracetic acid／peroxyacetic acid／PAA）是有机过氧酸家族的成员。透明液体，有典型乙酸气味，是强氧化剂。^[1]

历史

过醋酸用作消毒剂已有百年历史^[2]，1902年Freer与Novy于美国化学期刊（American Chemical Journal，ACJ）首次发表过醋酸能有效抑制细菌及细菌孢子活性。1949年美国细菌学协会（American Bacteriological Association）指出有报导比较了灭菌剂23种成分，当中认为过醋酸最有效^[3]。

应用

现今过醋酸在欧洲大量用于消毒食品工业、酿酒工业、水处理系统及净水系统；在医疗领域，过醋酸用于消毒可重用医疗器械、血液透析设备、医院织物洗涤厂（按德国罗伯特·科赫研究所清单程序）。

过醋酸从1955年即用作消毒剂或灭菌剂，大部分用于处理食品及污水，亦曾用于塑胶隔离用具或消毒医疗物品。它可杀死细菌繁殖体、霉菌、细菌孢子及病毒^[4]，快速广效；浓度低于百万份之1时，可在5分钟内抑制革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、霉菌及酵母菌，亦证实可杀死小儿麻痹病毒、轮状病毒、乙型肝炎、HIV病毒。^[5]^[6]^[7]

化学特性

过氧乙酸高浓度时无色、有强烈刺激味、有腐蚀性，高温加热分解，由醋酸及双氧水反应生成，杀菌作用机理为释出自由氧及氢基，最终分解成氧气、水及醋酸。^[2]大多市售过醋酸浓5%、10%及15%。

环保优势

过醋酸在自然环境中降解为醋酸，再降解为其它物质^[8]，常用于处理环境河川水。^[2]

参考资料

^ 邢其毅等。. 《基础有机化学》第三版上册. 北京：高等教育出版社. 2005年. ISBN 7-04-016637-2.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Dr. Holger Biering. More than 100 years of Peracetic Acid. Journal for Hygiene in Hospitals and Medical Practice.
^ I.J. Hutchings u. H. Xezones: Proceedings of the 49th annual meeting of the Society of American Bacteriology, Cincinatti, OH (1949)
^ BSG Endoscopy committee working party. Cleaning and disinfection of equipment for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Report of a Working Party of the British Society of Gastroen terology Endoscopy Committee. Gut, 1998; 42:585-93.
^ Ossia-Ongagna Y, Sabatier R. Comparison of in vitro activity of six disinfectants on bacteria from contamination in haemodialysis water. J Pharm Belg 1993; 48: 341-5.
^ Baldry MGC. The bactericidal, fungicidal and sporicidal properties of hydrogen peroxide and pancreatic acid. J Appl Bacteriol 1983; 54:417-23.
^ Lynam PA, Babb JR, Fraise A. Comparison of the mycobactericidal activity of 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde and Nu-Cidex (0.35% peracetic acid). J Hosp Infect 1995; 30: 237-40.
^ ECETOC-Monographie JACC No. 40 »Per- acetic Acid and its Equilibrium Solutions« (2001)

[1] 邢其毅等。. 《基础有机化学》第三版上册. 北京：高等教育出版社. 2005年. ISBN 7-04-016637-2.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Dr. Holger Biering. More than 100 years of Peracetic Acid. Journal for Hygiene in Hospitals and Medical Practice.

[3] I.J. Hutchings u. H. Xezones: Proceedings of the 49th annual meeting of the Society of American Bacteriology, Cincinatti, OH (1949)

[4] BSG Endoscopy committee working party. Cleaning and disinfection of equipment for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Report of a Working Party of the British Society of Gastroen terology Endoscopy Committee. Gut, 1998; 42:585-93.

[5] Ossia-Ongagna Y, Sabatier R. Comparison of in vitro activity of six disinfectants on bacteria from contamination in haemodialysis water. J Pharm Belg 1993; 48: 341-5.

[6] Baldry MGC. The bactericidal, fungicidal and sporicidal properties of hydrogen peroxide and pancreatic acid. J Appl Bacteriol 1983; 54:417-23.

[7] Lynam PA, Babb JR, Fraise A. Comparison of the mycobactericidal activity of 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde and Nu-Cidex (0.35% peracetic acid). J Hosp Infect 1995; 30: 237-40.

[8] ECETOC-Monographie JACC No. 40 »Per- acetic Acid and its Equilibrium Solutions« (2001)

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