前亚当假说
前亚当假说（Pre-Adamite hypothesis），或作前亚当主义（Pre-adamism）是神学或宗教学上的一个信仰，认为早在《圣经》人物亚当出现以前，人类就已存在，有一个“前亚当世界”存在过。这个假设与《圣经》声称亚当是世上第一个人类相违背，所以也有一些基督教会（例如：香港的锡安教会）的信众认为这些“类人生物”的智慧未足以被称为“人类”。前亚当主义因此跟传统的犹太教、基督宗教及伊斯兰教相异之处，在于他们不认为亚当是这世上的第一个人。
历史
编辑有关人类起源的最早期辩论发生于公元170年，当时安条克的狄奥菲鲁斯与埃及省的一位异教徒埃及人阿波罗辩论，到底这个世界有如《圣经》所言只有数千年历史，还是如异教信仰所指，有153,075年历史。[1]:26
当代非种族主义的前亚当主义可以追溯到神秘主义者帕绍·贝弗利·兰多夫。帕绍相信前亚当主义，并在1863年以格里芬·李的名义撰写了《前亚当人：在10万年前的地球展示人类族群的存在！》。这本书是对前亚当主义的独特贡献，因为它不仅仅基于圣经理由。兰多夫参考来自许多不同地区的各种资料撰写他的书。在这本书中，帕绍声称亚当不是第一个男人，并且在35,000到100,000年前，全球各大陆都有前亚当人的存在。他的书不同于其他前亚当派作家的著作，因为兰多夫声称前亚当人是文明人，而其他前亚当派作家则认为前亚当人是野兽或原始人。[2][1]:27-28,125
参看
编辑注释
编辑- ^ 1.0 1.1 Popkin, Richard Henry. Isaac La Peyrère (1596-1676): His Life, Work, and Influence. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers. 1987 [February 25, 2021]. ISBN 90-04-08157-7. （原始内容存档于2022-10-06）.
- ^ Paschal Beverly Randolph, Pre-Adamite man: demonstrating the existence of the human race upon the earth 100,000 thousand years ago!, 1863
参考书目
编辑- Duncan, Isabella (1860). Pre-Adamite man : or, the story of our old planet & its inhabitants, told by Scripture & science.. London : Saunders, Otley, and Co. (Originally published anonymously, but known subsequently that the author was the wife of George John C. Duncan, the son of Henry Duncan.)
- Flood, Gavin (2003). The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-21535-2
- Frederickson, George M. (1987). The Black Image in the White Mind. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-6188-6
- Graves, Joseph L. (2003). The Emperor's New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race at the Millennium. Newark, NJ: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3302-3
- Haynes, Stephen R. (2002). Noah's Curse: The Biblical Justification of American Slavery. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514279-9
- Harvey, Paul (2005). Freedom's Coming : Religious Culture and the Shaping of the South from the Civil War through the Civil Rights Era. UNC Press. ISBN 0-8078-2901-3
- Livingstone, David N. (2008). Adam’s ancestors : race, religion, and the politics of human origins. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8813-7.
- Livingstone, David N. Adam's Ancestors: Race, Religion, and the Politics of Human Origins. JHU Press. 1 March 2011. ISBN 978-1-4214-0143-0.
- Popkin, Richard Henry. Isaac La Peyrère (1596-1676): His Life, Work, and Influence. BRILL. 1987. ISBN 90-04-08157-7.
- Popkin, Richard Henry (1992). Third Force in Seventeenth-Century Thought. Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 90-04-09324-9
- Smith, Christian (2003). The Secular Revolution. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23000-0
- Swain, Carol M. (2002). The New White Nationalism in America: Its Challenge to Integration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80886-3
- Almond, Philip C. (1999). Adam and Eve in Seventeenth-Century Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-66076-9
- Barkun, Michael (1996). Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement. UNC Press. ISBN 0-8078-4638-4
外部链接
编辑- A.J. Maas, "Preadamites" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Catholic Encyclopedia (1911)：天主教会的观点。
- "Neanderthal Man: Pre-Adamite, Co-Adamite, or Adamite?" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 29 Creation Research Society Quarterly (Mar. 1993)：基督新教创造论的观点。
- 休·尼布理, "Before Adam", Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute : Latter-day Saint view